找回村落共同体:集体经济与乡村治理——来自豫鲁两省的经验观察

Restoring Rural Community:Collective Economy and Governance——Based on a Case Study in Shandong Province and Henan Province

乡村社区公共财力对于乡村社会秩序的维系和乡村治理风貌产生着直接的影响。从一个历史的长时段视角来看,中国传统社会乡村基础秩序的维系,以及国家与社会关系的运转都是建立在对社区公共财力的正式与非正式制度安排基础之上。改革以来,中国乡村经营形态重回“家户经济”的传统,但以乡村集体经济为表征的乡村社区公共财力建设并没有形成稳定的保障机制,导致乡村社区公共事务运行困难、社区凝聚力弱化,基层社会出现较为普遍的“涣散”景象。党的十八大以来,中央在农村政策中,突出强调发展农村集体经济的重要性,各地涌现出一些值得借鉴的经验。从学理层面来看,找回集体经济的“潮流”,折射出新时期国家通过夯实乡村社区公共财力,重塑乡村社会秩序与文化,增进乡村社区凝聚力,进而促进乡风文明和治理有效的尝试与努力。

Rural community public finances have a direct impact on the maintenance of rural social order and rural governance.From a long-term perspective of history,the maintenance of the rural basic order in traditional Chinese society,and the operation of state-society relations are based on formal and informal institutional arrangements for community public finances.China’s rural management form has returned to the tradition of“h ousehold economy” since reformation.However,the construction of rural community public finances characterized by rural collective economy has not formed a stable guarantee mechanism,which has led to difficulties in the operation of public affairs in rural communities,and weakening of community cohesion.The grassroots society appears a more common“disintegration” scene.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the central government has emphasized the importance of developing rural collective economy in rural policies.Some experience worthy of reference has sprung up all over the country.On the academic level,the“ trend” of retrieving the collective economy reflects the effective attempts and efforts that the state reinforces the rural community public finances in the new era,to rebuild the rural social order and rural culture,enhance the cohesion of rural communities,and promote the rural civilization and effective governance.