间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗急性肺损伤的作用机制

Therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes in acute lung injury

背景:外泌体是一种可以由多种类型细胞分泌的膜性囊泡结构,富含蛋白质、脂类和RNA,可通过介导细胞间的信息交流和信号转导而参与调控多种重要的细胞生理或病理活动。研究发现,间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体具有减少肺部炎症反应、改善肺微血管内皮屏障通透性以及促进肺组织结构修复等作用,有望为急性肺损伤提供一种创新的治疗方式。目的:对间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗急性肺损伤作用机制的最新研究进展作一综述。方法:以“间充质干细胞,外泌体,急性肺损伤,mesenchymal stem cells,exosomes,acute lung injury”为检索词,检索1981至2018年PubMed、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库,纳入间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗急性肺损伤的相关文献,共纳入文献58篇进行分析总结。结果与结论:①外泌体通过转移蛋白质、脂质及核酸来影响靶细胞的生理活动,介导细胞间信号转导及免疫调节等生物学效应;②间充质干细胞来源外泌体携带来自间充质干细胞的某些蛋白质、脂质、DNA及RNA等生物活性物质,可能通过抗炎、抗细胞凋亡、促进细胞再生等共同机制发挥作用;③通过对现有的研究总结了间充质干细胞来源外泌体发挥治疗急性肺损伤的主要作用机制,为日后应用间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗急性肺损伤提供相关参考。

BACKGROUND:Exosomes are vesicles with phospholipid bilayers containing lots of proteins,lipid and RNA secreted by various types of cells,which might play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and signal transduction and participate in the regulation of important physiology or pathological processes.Recent studies have discovered that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells,a promising treatment for acute lung injury,exert an anti-inflammation effect and improve the microvascular endothelial barrier permeability and enhance lung epithelial tissue repair.OBJECTIVE:To review the recent advances in mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes as a novel approach to the treatment of acute lung injury.METHODS:Databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched for the articles related to the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in the treatment of acute lung injury between 1981 and 2018.The keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells,exosomes,acute lung injury” in English and Chinese,respectively.Fifty-eight articles were enrolled for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exosomes plays an important role in mediating intercellular communication and regulating immune system by transferring bioactive proteins,lipids and nucleic acids to target cells.(2)Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes carry certain proteins,lipids,nucleic acids from mesenchymal stem cells.They might contribute to attenuating the inflammatory response and apoptosis,and promoting cell regeneration.(3)The existing researches summarize the main mechanism of treatment of acute lung injury by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,and provide reference for the future application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of acute lung injury.