中国民族语文事业七十年

Seventy Years of Policies and Management of Ethnic Minority Languages in China

本文以新中国成立到“文革”,改革开放到20世纪末,以及21世纪以来3个时间阶段发生的比较重大的民族语文工作事件为线索,概述了70年来中国民族语言事业的发展状况,并从当时国家民族语文工作的背景和需求视角陈述、评价这些事件发生的缘由、过程和效果。受当前国家民族政策和民族工作变化的影响,中国的民族语言将在地位规划方面发生重要的变化,尽管如此,少数民族语言在可以预见的时期内,还是可以在区域自治民族语言权利等若干方面,发挥其应有的不可替代的积极作用。

This study reviews signifi cant events in China’s policies and management of ethnic minority languages in the past seven decades and divides the policies and management into three periods: the fi rst period (from the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the Cultural Revolution), the second period (from China’s reform and opening-up in the late 1970s to the end of the 20th century), and the third period (from the beginning of the 21st century to the present). It evaluates the main causes, processes and results of those signifi cant events in those three periods respectively. In prospect, the review predicts that status planning of ethnic minority languages will undergo important changes due to the infl uences of China’s policies for ethnic minorities. Nevertheless ethnic minority languages are still expected to play an indispensable positive role in areas, such as language rights, in autonomous regions in the foreseeable future.