规范·认同·升华:大禹治水神话的资源化与遗产化实践

Normalization,Identity and Sublimation:The Resource-Based and Heritage-Based Practice of the Myth of Dayu’s Flood Control

在当代社会,古代神话作为重要的文化资源,被地方政府和地方精英所重视,大禹治水作为公认的且传播范围较广的神话,是对神话资源进行利用和转化的典型案例。河南登封、浙江绍兴等地方社会对大禹神话当代转化实践的调查,彰显出大禹神话转化过程中的两种形态:一是地方精英不断按照正史文献的记载对神话进行规范,形成了具有规范特性的资源化实践形态;二是在非物质文化遗产保护的背景下,其在遗产化实践中形成了以认同为核心的多元一体的遗产化形态格局。大禹治水神话在转化过程中不断升华,完成向国家靠拢的标准化实践。这一案例为神话资源的当代转化提供了可以借鉴的思考。

In the contemporary society,ancient myths,as important cultural resources,are valued by local governments and local elites.As a widely recognized and widely spread myth,Dayu’s Flood Control is a typical case of utilization and transformation of mythological resources.The investigation of the contemporary transformation practice of Dayu mythology in Dengfeng,Henan province and Shaoxing,Zhejiang province shows two kinds of forms in the transformation process of Dayu mythology.First,local elites constantly regulate myths according to the records of the historical literature,forming a resource-based practice form with normative characteristics.Second,under the background of intangible cultural heritage protection,it has formed a multi-integrated pattern of heritage with identity as its core in the heritage-based practice.The myth of Dayu’s Flood Control sublimates constantly in the transformation process and completes the standardization practice to the country’s standards.This case provides a reference for the contemporary transformation of mythological resources.