融贯六经,根极理要——黄道周《孝经集传》经学述论

The Coherence of Six Classics, the Root of Universal Truth: On Huang Daozhou’ s Variorum of Filial Piety

《孝经集传》是明末大儒黄道周晚年的著作。该书提炼出《孝经》的“五微义”与“十二著义”作为全书纲领,不仅每一章有黄道周自己的诠释,还分别以二戴《记》《仪礼》《孟子》等作为义疏。以“因性明教”为例,该微义作为《孝经》的五大义之首,黄道周构建了“天-人-社会”的理论模式,并且是《孝经集传》义理思想的始基,以此推衍其他四微义,包括“追文反质”与“定辟异端”等。《孝经集传》以视《孝经》为六经之本并发明“五微义”与“十二著义”,增加了孝经学研究的深度;以《孝经》与先秦儒家经典融会贯通,拓宽了孝经学研究的广度;以发明《孝经》救治人心、经世救世之用,提升了孝经学研究的高度。该书深为后世推许,众多经学家将其视为《孝经》注释本的千古之最。

Variorum of Filial Piety is the work of the great Confucian scholar Huang Daozhou in the late Ming Dynasty. The book extracts the five hidden purposes and twelve distinct principles of The Book of Filial Piety as the guiding principle of the whole book. Each chapter has not only Huang Daozhou’ s own interpretation, but also commentaries with Ji, Yi Li and Mengzi as examples. For example, the first hidden purpose is based on human nature to clarify humanization. Huang Daozhou constructed the theoretical model of “Heaven-Human-Society” which is the initial foundation of the thought of Variorum of Filial Piety . Based on this hidden purpose, the other four are derived. The Variorum of Filial Piety regards The Book of Filial Piety as the root of the six classics and invents five hidden purposes and twelve distinct principles, which increases the depth of the study of The Book of Filial Piety. It has broadened the breadth of the study of The Book of Filial Piety by combining six classics and raised the height of the study of filial piety by clarifying The Book of Filial Piety to save the hearts of the people and to save the world. The book is highly thought of, recommended by later Confucians, and regarded as the most authoritative annotation of the annotations of The Book of Filial Piety by many scholars.