网约车平台的法律定位及责任承担之探讨

A Discussion of Legal Positioning and Liability Undertaking of Online Car-hailing Platform

近年来,共享经济的蓬勃发展,对民众的日常生活产生了极大的影响。以网约车为例,一方面其使得社会资源得到充分利用,提高了经济效益;另一方面却由于立法对网约车平台的法律定位不清晰,导致发生事故后网约车平台和司机间相互推卸责任,受害者维权困难。通过对交通部颁布的《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》进行剖析,认为该规章中将网约车平台定位为承运人,承担与传统出租车公司相同的责任不太稳妥,不利于新兴经济形态的发展,应在法律上赋予其特殊承运人的地位。网约车平台与司机之间应界定为劳务关系较为合适,面对司机或第三人对乘客的侵权行为应首先由平台承担赔付责任,若司机故意或重大过失则由平台与司机承担连带责任。

In recent years, the vigorous development of shared economy has had a great impact on the daily life of the civilians. Taking online car-hailing as an example, on the one hand, it makes full use of social resources and improves economic benefits, and on the other hand, in judicial practice the unclear legal positioning of the online car-hailing platform in legislation has led to mutual shirking of responsibility between the platform and drivers after an accident, which makes it difficult for the victims to safeguard their rights. Based on the analysis of the Interim Measures for the Management of Network Reservation Taxi Operating Service promulgated by the Ministry of Communications, this article observes that the regulation’ s positioning the network reservation taxi platform as a carrier is not safe to assume the same responsibilities as the traditional taxi companies, which is not conducive to the development of emerging economic forms, and should give it the status of a special carrier in law. The relationship between the platform and the driver should be defined as a more appropriate labor relationship. In the face of the infringement of the driver or the third party on the passengers, it is the platform who should firstly bear the liability for compensation. If the driver intentionally commits fault or even serious fault, the platform and the driver should bear joint liability.