影响儿童突发性聋预后的相关因素分析

Influencing Factors Analysis on the Prognosis of Sudden Deafness in Children

目的 探讨影响儿童突发性聋预后的相关因素,为临床治疗提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年1月住院治疗的72例(87耳)突发性聋患儿的临床资料,其中,男47耳,女40耳;年龄2~16岁,中位年龄8岁;就诊时间1~45天。分析不同年龄、性别、发病耳侧、开始治疗时间、伴随症状、听力损失程度及听阈曲线类型患儿的治疗有效率。结果 本组儿童突发性聋的治疗有效率为 56.32%(49/87)。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、伴随症状对预后无显著影响(P > 0.05);单侧发病者总有效率(57.89%,33/57)高于双侧发病者(53.33%,16/30)(P < 0.05);就诊时间小于15天的患儿总有效率(68.33%,41/60)明显高于就诊时间超过15天的患儿(29.63%,8/27)(P < 0.05);听力曲线为低频下降型的患儿预后明显优于其他听阈曲线类型患儿(P < 0.05);而轻、中度听力损失的患儿预后明显优于重、极重度患儿(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示开始治疗时间、听力曲线类型、听力损失程度与疗效有相关性(P < 0.05)。结论 儿童突发性聋治疗有效率较高,治疗时间越早、低频下降型听力曲线、轻中度听力损失的患儿预后更好。

Objective To explore the related factors affecting the prognosis of children with sudden deafness,so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 72 children with sudden deafness (87 ears) hospitalized in our department from January 2016 to January 2018.There were 47 males and 40 females,aged 2~16 years old and visiting time of 1-45 days.The effective rate of treatment and the factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed,including age,sex,ear side,onset time,symptoms,the degree of hearing loss and the type of hearing curve.SPSS21.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The effective rate of sudden deafness in children was 56.32%.Univariate analysis showed that genders,ages and accompanying symptoms were not correlated with the treatment efficacy (P>0.05);the factors like unilateral onset and visiting time of less than 15 days were correlated with the treatment efficacy(P<0.05).Those with low-frequency hearing loss showed better results than the others(P<0.05).The prognosis of patients with mild and moderate hearing loss were better than that of patients with severe,and profound hearing loss(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the treatment time,the type of hearing threshold configurations and the degree of hearing loss were related to the treatment efficacy(P<0.05).Conclusion The effective rate of treatment for children with sudden deafness is high.The earlier treatment time,hearing loss at low frequency and mild to moderate hearing loss indicate better prognosis.