税收征管、企业避税与企业全要素生产率——基于2002年企业所得税分享改革的自然实验

Tax Enforcement, Tax Avoidance, and Enterprise Total Factor Productivity:Evidence from the Corporate Income Tax Reform

提高全要素生产率(TFP)是加快转变经济发展方式的关键。税收征管力度的高低会直接影响企业的生产经营决策,从而影响企业的发展转型。本文基于2002年实施的企业所得税分享改革自然实验,采用双倍差分法(DID)探讨了税收征管对企业TFP的影响。研究发现:(1)税收征管力度的下降会降低企业的TFP水平;(2)机制探讨过程发现,降低税收征管力度会增加企业避税行为,而避税增加会减少企业的研发投入,从而对企业TFP产生负面影响;(3)异质性分析发现,税收征管对非高新技术企业、非民族自治区域企业以及高避税程度企业的TFP的负面影响更大。本文的研究结论对于未来的税收体制改革具有重要启示。

Increasing total factor productivity (TFP) is the key to accelerate the transformation of China's economic development mode,and the government plays an inseparable role in the transformation.The governments' tax enforcement will directly affect enterprises' production and operation,and thus their development and transformation.Based on the corporate income tax reform in 2002,this study estimates the impact of tax enforcement on enterprise TFP by using the difference in difference (DID) method.The results are as below:(1) loose tax enforcement will lower the enterprise TFP;(2) by exploring the working mechanism,we find loose tax enforcement increases enterprise tax avoidance,thereby reducing enterprise input into R&D,and negatively affecting enterprise TFP in the end;(3) heterogeneity analyses find that enterprises in non-high-tech sectors,non-ethnic autonomous areas,and with high-level tax avoidance suffer more from loose tax enforcement.The conclusions have important implications for the future tax reform.