“体”与“宜”——论《园冶·掇山》分类中的二元体系

"Body" and "Appropriateness"——The Dualistic Classification System in the Rockery Chapter of Yuan Ye

分析了明末中国造园专著《园冶》中掇山篇的分类,并探求了其如此行为之目的及动机,挖掘如此方法之思路。计成对于假山之分类采用了2套体系:一者以假山所在之环境分类,即“宜”;另一为所构成假山本体之各个器官部分,即“体”。如此分类,可体现作者独特思路:一方面展现了作者立足于实际营造,利用深厚的实际营造设计经验反哺理论;另一方面可使得掇山的重点更加全面的被点明,而不会有偏颇之虞。

The paper analyzes the classification system adopted in the Rockery Chapter of Yuan Ye, a garden-making monograph published in late Ming dynasty. After exploring the aims and principles of this chapter, there are two sets of classi fication systems of rockery: the first criterion is based on the environment in which the rockery is located, as "appropriateness";the second examines the constituting parts of the rockery, called the "body". Finally, the reasoning behind such categorization criteria and the advantage adoption of a dualistic classification system is a school of its own: on the one hand, it shows that the author was an experienced architect, feeding back the theory by the rich practical designing experience;on the other hand, the focus of rockery chapter could be more comprehensively pointed out without any bias.