多孔碳纳米球及其负载金属催化剂的研究进展

Research progress of the porous carbon nanospheres and their supported metal catalysts

多孔碳纳米球由于可实现尺寸、形貌、孔结构以及表面基团等的可控合成制备,其负载/镶嵌的金属粒子又兼具高活性和高热稳定性等,在多相催化领域中受到越来越多的关注。本文追溯了多孔碳纳米球形貌调控的发展历程及其负载金属催化剂在催化反应领域中的应用。归纳了不同形貌的多孔碳纳米球及其制备方法和原理,详细对比了各个方法的优缺点;阐述了多孔碳纳米球负载金属催化剂的性能和碳球结构与形貌之间的构效关系;总结了目前碳球作为催化剂载体亟需解决的问题是碳球的多孔结构及其负载尺寸可控和空间匀称分布的金属粒子的可控合成,并展望了其发展方向是进一步研究和探索结构可调、经济可行的碳纳米球制备方法,真正实现工业化应用。

Porous carbon nanospheres have attracted intensive and increasing attention worldwide in heterogeneous catalysis due to the controllable size,morphology,pore structure and surface groups in their synthesis and excellent catalytic performance as catalyst support materials.This review outlines the development of morphology regulation of porous carbon nanospheres and their application as the supports of metal catalysts.The methods for the preparation of carbon nanospheres with various morphologies as well as the formation mechanisms involved are summarized and compared.The relationship between morphology and performance of porous carbon nanospheres supported metal catalysts is discussed.Based on the above discussion,it is suggested that the synthesis of porous carbon nanospheres with size- controlled and spatially symmetric disposition of metal particles is the current main challenge of carbon spheres as catalyst support.And it is also proposed that the structure-controlled and economic preparation method of porous carbon nanospheres will be an important direction of future developments.