美国水源地旁油气运输管道事故分析及启示

Analysis and Enlightenment of the Oil and Gas Transportation Pipeline Accidents beside American Water Sources

水源地是宝贵的资源,而且水源地处环境与内陆相比更为复杂,诱发管道事故的因素更多,如土壤含水饱和度高、带电离子多、微生物环境复杂等。水源地附近发生成品油管道泄漏事故会造成水资源和生态环境破坏。美国作为全球管道总里程最长、管道技术最完备的国家,对于预防管道事故以及事故发生后自然环境的补救具有一整套完善且有效的处理措施。通过介绍美国近20年来油气管道安全事故及其安全法律法规制定的概况,分析了美国近5年内3起由不同因素引发的水源地及海岸成品油管道泄漏事故。通过分析美国政府及管道运营公司对事故的处理方式和补救措施,对比我国管道安全相关法律法规、安全技术研究现状及事故处理流程,为管道安全保护和泄漏事故处理提出值得借鉴的参考意见和经验。

Water sources are a valuable resource. Environment of the water source is more complicat- ed than that of inland,so there are more factors influencing the pipeline accident,such as high soil wa- ter saturation, more charged ions and complicated microbial environment. Products pipeline leakage accident near the water source will cause water resources damage and serious ecological environment damage. The United States,as the country with the longest total pipeline mileage and the most complete pipeline technology,has a series of perfect and effective treatment measures that can prevent pipe- line accidents and remediate the natural environment after the accident. Therefore,through introducing the overview of oil and gas pipeline safety accidents in the United States in the past two decades and the development of oil and gas pipeline safety laws and regulations, and three product pipeline accidents near water sources and coasts caused by different factors in the United States in the past five years are analyzed respectively. Through analyzing the US government departments and pipeline operators' treatment methods and remedial measures of accident,China's pipeline safety laws and regulations,safety technology research status and accident handling procedures are compared,which provides a reference experience for protecting pipeline safety and leakage accidents.