试论齐家文化玉璧之源

On Origins of Jade Bi-discs of the Qijia Culture

齐家文化玉璧的诸多特征中,两种颜色半分璧面的现象颇值关注。史前至商周时期普遍存在的陶纺轮或圆陶片也有着类似的表现,尤其是圆陶片,为获此特殊制品,往往选择在恰好构成两分器表的地方进行截取。齐家文化所在的黄河上游地区从7000多年前开始一直流行绳纹陶器,绳纹圆陶片也不啻该地域一大传统,而齐家文化两分色玉璧中亦有隐现牛毛沁等沁斑的玉质,选取此类玉质可能是出于对绳纹的模拟。所以,齐家文化玉璧显示了与黄河上游土著文化陶纺轮或圆陶片的关联性,是对本地古老的陶璧之底蕴的弘扬。

Among the characteristics of the jade bi-discs of the Qijia Culture,the phenomenon that the plan of the disc is separated by two colors in half is specially noticeable.The pottery spindle whorls and round potsherds which are widely seen in the remains of the prehistoric and Shang and Zhou Dynasties also have this phenomenon.The round potsherds,which are intentionally made,are usually made of fragments of the parts at the jointing places of pottery wares.The cord mark-decorated pottery wares were popular since 7000 BP in the upper reach of the Yellow River,where the Qijia Culture is distributed,and the round potsherds decorated with cord marks are also traditional artifacts in this region.Meanwhile,the jade bi-discs separated by two colors in half of the Qijia Culture also have the cases made of materials with “cattle hair stain” and other stain traces,which might be selected to imitate the cord marks.Therefore,the jade bi-discs re flected their relationship with the pottery spindle whorl and round potsherds of the local cultures in the upper reach of the Yellow River,and they were the development of the connotations of the archaic pottery discs of the local cultures..