高昌早期石窟的分期和年代

Periodization and Chronology of the Early Grottoes of the Gaochang Kingdom

吐鲁番地区4世纪的石窟或已被破坏殆尽,或被后期石窟完全重新改造利用,现存的早期石窟年代为5世纪至8世纪,根据石窟形制和壁画题材、风格可分为三期:第一期为北凉至高昌国前期,第二期为麴氏高昌王国时期,第三期为唐西州时期。这些早期石窟受到龟兹石窟的影响,而另一方面,其自身的一些特点也对敦煌石窟有影响。

The Buddhist grottoes opened during the 4th century in Turfan area have been all either completely destroyed or remodeled and reused in the later times,and the earliest extant Buddhist grottoes in this area are opened in the 5th to 8th centuries.By grotto forms and mural motifs and styles,these grottoes can be divided into three phases: Phase I belonged to the Northern Liang Kingdom in the Sixteen-Kingdoms Period to the early period of the Gaochang (Qocho) Kingdom,Phase II belonged to the Gaochang Kingdom ruled by the Qu Family and Phase III belonged to the Xizhou Prefecture of the Tang Dynasty.These early grottoes were influenced by the Buddhist grottoes in Kucha area,and some of their own characteristics also had influences to the Dunhuang Grottoes..