住房、阶层与幸福感——住房社会效应研究

Housing, Class Identity and Happiness: A Study on the Social Effects of Housing

本文基于2003—2015年中国综合社会调查数据,研究住房社会阶层效应与幸福效应。实证研究发现,住房对城镇居民社会阶层认同与幸福感皆存在显著的正向效应。特别地,住房的社会效应存在性别差异,相对于男性来说,住房对女性社会阶层认同及幸福感的影响更为显著。在对住房的社会效应的内部特征检验中,一是证实其存在区域分化特征,住房对城镇居民社会阶层认同及幸福感的正向效应在东部、中部地区较为显著;二是证实其存在“幸福拐点”生命历程特征,住房对50—70岁城镇居民幸福感的影响程度最高。研究结果揭示了在深化住房制度改革过程中,只有重视人民的真实住房需求,才能提高人民的幸福感和获得感。

Based on the data of “China General Social Survey” from 2003 to 2015,this paper studies the class identity effect and happiness effect of housing inequality.The empirical study finds that housing has significant positive effects on social class identity and happiness of urban residents.In particular,gender heterogeneity exists in the social effects of housing inequality,and the impact of housing on women’s social class identity and happiness is more significant than that of men.In the test of the internal characteristics of the social effect of housing inequality,it is proved that it has the characteristics of regional differentiation and the life course of “happiness inflection point”.The research results reveal that in the process of deepening the reform of housing system,the people’s happiness and sense of gain may be improved by paying attention to people’s real housing needs.