采煤预塌陷区超前复垦适宜性评价及复垦方向划定

Suitability evaluation and reclamation objectives for advanced land reclamation in coal mining pre-subsidence area

为有效指导矿区复垦规划设计与复垦工程施工,从表征地形地貌、区位条件、土壤条件和人文条件的4个方面选取10项指标构建了土地复垦适宜性评价体系,基于ArcGIS栅格分析功能,系统运用三角模糊层次分析法、灰色关联度法和改进的极限综合评价法,以赵固一矿为例,实现了对采煤塌陷地超前复垦适宜性评价,并在此基础上对各复垦方向进行等级划定。结果表明:1)将塌陷地按照宜耕、宜园、宜林3个复垦方向,分别划分为4个适宜等级:高度适宜、中度适宜、勉强适宜和不适宜。不同复垦方向对生态环境的适宜程度存在差别,主要表现为林地>园地>耕地;2)基于GIS将研究区划分为属性基本一致的102个评价单元,综合考虑适宜性评价结果及区域自然经济和基础设施条件,将研究区划分为4个复垦分区,10个分区等级:其中耕地适宜区面积1 296.09 hm^2,占总面积的62.95%,主要分布在中西部塌陷地轻中度损毁地带;园地适宜区面积为16.29 hm^2,占比0.79%,零星散布于轻中度损毁区;林地适宜区面积689.49 hm^2,占总面积的33.48%,主要分布于中东部塌陷地轻中度损毁地势起伏较大的区域;不适宜区面积57.15hm^2,占总面积的2.78%,主要集中分布在中部重度积水区北侧边缘区域。该文的评价方法兼顾了不同复垦方向评价指标的贡献度差异和评价者的主观模糊性,采用GIS技术减弱了人为干扰,使评价单元划分更加合理,较传统评价方法具有更好的适用性,评价结果更加科学、可靠。

The suitability evaluation of land reclamation in coal mining subsidence area is helpful to carry out land reclamation work scientifically in mining areas.In this manuscript,Zhaogu 1^st Mine was used as an example,and ten indicators were selected from four aspects of topography,location conditions,soil conditions and human conditions to construct the land reclamation suitability evaluation system,and constructing the spatial dataset of evaluation indicators from the spatial level based on ArcGIS grid analysis function.At the same time,the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(TF-AHP)was used to empower the evaluation indicators from the suitability of cultivated land,garden and woodland.This method takes into account the subjective ambiguity of the evaluator,thereby improving the accuracy of weight distribution.Then,the weighted superposition of the spatial data of each index was realized by grey correlation analysis,and the suitability distribution of the three reclamation directions was obtained by the natural breakpoint module in ArcGIS.On this basis,we introduced an improved comprehensive extreme evaluation method for suitability analysis,which combined the order of land code of the second national land survey,suitability level of cultivated land,garden and woodland to obtain a five or six evaluation integrated value(MLS).The results can reflect the status of land use of the evaluation unit,and also reflect the suitability level of the unit for different reclamation directions.The research area was divided into 102 evaluation units by using MLS as the fusion field.And according to the principle of"adapting to local conditions,prioritizing cultivated land and reclaiming into the most suitable land type",the direction of reclamation of each reclamation unit was determined.Finally,the evaluation of the suitability of reclamation in coal mining subsidence area was realized,and the suitability level of each reclamation direction was delimited.The results showed that there are differences in the suitability of different reclamation directions in the study area,mainly manifested as woodland>garden>cultivated land.Based on GIS,the study area was divided into 102 evaluation units with consistent or similar attributes.With comprehensively considering the results of suitability evaluation and natural and economic conditions and infrastructure conditions,the study area was finally divided into four reclamation sub-areas,and10 sub-division levels:the suitable area of cultivated land was 1 296.09 hm^2,accounting for 62.95%of the total area,mainly distributed in the light and moderate damage zone of the central and western subsidence area.The suitable area of the garden was 16.29 hm^2,accounting for 0.79%,scattered in the light and moderate damage zone.The suitable area of forest land was689.49 hm^2,accounting for 33.48%of the total area,mainly distributed in the middle-eastern subsidence which had a large terrain relief.The unsuitable area was 57.15 hm^2,accounting for 2.78%of the total area,mainly concentrated in the northern edge area of the central severe damage area.The evaluation method of this manuscript took into account the difference of the contribution degree of the evaluation indicators of different reclamation directions and the subjective ambiguity of the evaluator.The use of GIS reduced human interference and made the evaluation unit division more objective.And which has better application than the traditional evaluation method and makes the evaluation results more scientific and reliable.