地方政府竞争、财政支出偏向与区域技术创新

Local Government Competition,Fiscal Expenditure Bias and Regional Innovation

提升区域技术创新水平是经济高质量发展阶段的重要组成部分。本文使用2008—2016年中国286个地级市的专利申请数据,实证分析了财政支出偏向对区域技术创新的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)财政支出偏向显著促进了区域技术创新水平提升,且这种促进作用主要存在于东部地区、超大城市以及特大城市;(2)影响机制分析结果表明,开发区建设是财政支出偏向影响区域技术创新的可能渠道;(3)基于土地出让行为能放松地方政府预算约束这一基本事实,进一步检验了土地出让在财政支出偏向与区域技术创新关系中的调节效应,发现土地出让行为减弱了财政支出偏向对区域技术创新的促进作用;(4)考虑空间因素可能给估计结果带来的影响,通过空间相关性检验发现,财政支出偏向存在策略性互动行为,且进一步采用空间杜宾模型进行检验发现,财政支出偏向的策略性互动行为显著促进了区域技术创新水平提升。

Using the patent application data of 286 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2016,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of fiscal expenditure bias on regional innovation and its mechanism.The study finds that:(1)The fiscal expenditure bias has significantly promoted the improvement of regional innovation,and this promotion mainly exists in the eastern region,megacities and large cities;(2)The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the construction of the development zone is a possible channel for the fiscal expenditure bias to affect regional innovation;(3)Based on the basic fact that land transfer behavior can relax local government budget constraints,the adjustment effect of land transfer in the relationship between fiscal expenditure bias and regional innovation is further tested.It is found that land transfer behavior weakens the role of fiscal expenditure bias in promoting regional innovation;(4)Considering the influence of spatial factors on the estimation results,it is found that the fiscal expenditure bias has strategic interaction behavior through spatial correlation test,and further adopts the spatial Dubin model to test that the strategic interaction behavior of fiscal expenditure bias has significantly promoted regional innovation level.The conclusions from the research of this paper are as follows:Firstly,pay attention to people s livelihood expenditure.Although the fiscal expenditure bias has promoted the improvement of regional technological innovation,the occupation of people s livelihood expenditures tends to reduce the people s sense of acquisition and happiness,and violates the original intention of building a harmonious society.Therefore,local governments should pay due attention to people s livelihood in the adjustment of fiscal expenditure structure.The second is to strengthen the management of the development zone in the central and western regions.According to the research conclusions of this paper,the possible channel for fiscal expenditure bias to play a role in regional technological innovation is the development zone,and the promotion of fiscal expenditure bias to regional technological innovation mainly exists in the developed eastern regions,thus strengthening the management of establishment to the development zone in the central and western regions,giving full play to the innovative agglomeration function of the development zone is the key to improving the level of technological innovation in the central and western regions.The third is to further strengthen the transfer payments to the central and western regions.Due to the weak financial resources in the central and western regions,the local government s fiscal production expenditure bias tends to crowd out innovative investment,which is not conducive to the improvement of regional technological innovation.Therefore,strengthening the transfer payments to the central and western regions,to a certain extent,canalleviate the squeeze on R&D spending from the local governments.