基于量化统计的通感式复合词通感模式分析

Synaesthesia model analysis of synaesthetic compound words based on quantitative statistics

通感作为一种修辞手法,在语言词汇层面的主要体现是通感式复合词.在选取典型语料的基础上,运用单、双因素方差分析法,深入分析通感式复合词的通感模式.量化统计结果显示,通感式复合词的通感模式主要包括:(1)视觉是通感引申过程中最大的源域;(2)听觉是通感引申过程中最大的目标域;(3)通感引申规律基本遵循“视觉→肤觉→味觉→嗅觉→听觉”的排列顺序,但是个别感觉之间存在双向引申关系,如视觉和肤觉之间存在大量的双向引申的例子;(4)各感觉作为通感引申源域的数量与感觉类形语素数量成正比,即含有形语素数量越多,成为最大源域的可能性就越大.

As a rhetorical device,synaesthesia is mainly embodied in synaesthetic compound words at the level of lexicon.On the basis of selecting language material,this article uses single factor and double factor analysis of variance to analyze the semantic extension rules of the synaesthetic compound words.Quantitative statistics show that the synaesthetic patterns of synaesthetic compound words mainly include:(1)vision is the largest source area in the process of synaesthetic extension;(2)hearing is the largest target area in the process of synaesthetic extension;(3)synaesthetic extension rules basically follow the order of"visual sense-dermal sensation-gustatory sense-olfactory sensation-auditory sense",but there is a two-way extension relationship between individual senses,such as visual sense and dermal sensation;(4)The number of sensation as the source domain of synaesthesia is proportional to the number of sensory morphemes,ie.,the more morphemes there are,the greater the possibility of being the largest source domain.