宁夏阅海国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性及群落组成

Spring birds biodiversity and community composition of Ningxia Yuehai national wetland park

2018年2月24日至5月5日,对宁夏阅海国家湿地公园及周边环境的鸟类种类及数量进行了调查.当地及周边生境主要包括水域、草本沼泽、绿化带、农田4种,在4种生境分别设置样带或样点进行观察.主要观察鸟类的物种和数量,并分别从鸟类的物种组成、居留型、分布型、保护级别、生态型、生境及群落多样性及鸟类动态等角度进行多方面分析.共进行11次调查,记录到鸟类96种,属15目,34科.采用Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou指数来分析当地春季鸟类的物种多样性和均匀性.研究发现宁夏阅海国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性和均匀性较高,但稳定性较差,自然环境因素和人为干扰因素对鸟类栖息影响很大.最后针对鸟类保护提出建议.

From February 24 to May 5 2018,a survey has been conducted on the bird species and quantity of the Ningxia Yuehai National Wetland Park and its surrounding environment.The local and surrounding habitats mainly include water areas,herbaceous swamps,green belts,and farmland.We selected belt and sample point in each of the four habitats for observation.The species and number of birds are mainly observed and analyzed in various aspects from species composition,residence type,distribution,protection level,ecological type,habitat and community diversity and bird dynamics of birds.A total of 11 investigations were conducted and 96 bird species were recorded,belonging to 15 orders and 34 families respectively.Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index were used to analyze the species diversity and evenness of local spring birds.The study found that the spring bird species diversity and homogeneity in the Ningxia Yuehai National Wetland Park were high,but the stability was poor,and the natural and human disturbance factors had a great impact on the bird's habitat.Finally,suggestions are made for bird protection.