罗尔斯政治自由主义的“完整性”问题及其修正:一个宗教批评

The “Integrity” of Rawls’ Political Liberalism and Its Amendment: A Religious Criticism

以“共识观念”为基础,罗尔斯政治自由主义的“正当性原则”预设了一种“宗教约束观点”。在批评者看来,这种宗教约束观点必然导致“完整性”问题:由于宗教理由遭到“括置”,信教人士的宗教完整生活被“一分为二”。罗尔斯通过放宽对宗教理由的限制来回应批评,但是他的回应难以令批评者满意。批评者认为“聚合观念”更能包容宗教,尽管存在诸多困难。总的来说,我们应当尊重信教人士的宗教完整性,但是这不意味着“怎么都行”,另外,不宜夸大政治自由主义及其批评者之间关于“完整性”问题的冲突。

Rawls’“principle of legitimacy of political liberalism”, based on “the concept of consensus”, presupposes “a view of religious restraint”.To his critics, this view of religious restraint inevitably leads to the problem of “integrity”: religious integrity of believers, as religious reasons are “enclosed”, is “divided into two parts”.Rawls responds to criticism by relaxing restrictions on religious reasons, but such response is far from satisfactory to critics;the “convergent concept”, though with difficulties of all sorts, is more inclusive of religion.Generally speaking, we should respect the religious integrity of believers, but this does not mean “Non-boundary freedom”.In addition, it is not appropriate to exaggerate the division between political liberalism and its critics.