北朝敦煌石窟壁画中的山水元素比较研究

A Comparative Study of Landscape Elements in Dunhuang Grottoes in the Northern Dynasties

山水的图像表现在新石器时代的彩陶纹样到两汉时期的画像石(砖)及舆图、墓室壁画等都具有了一些符号显现。敦煌的石窟壁画在北朝时期也出现了许多作为装饰背景的山水点缀,这些壁画的遗存填补了早期山水画发展的图像资料,但又与传统认识的山水创作具有很大区别。敦煌壁画中独有的地域文化交融特点、宗教创作背景、创作群体与受众群体不同等都影响了它特殊的画面形式语言,通过对壁画中的山水表现与早期的山水画论进行比较分析,可对当时还未生成成熟体系的早期山水创作进行探讨。

The image of the landscape was in the Neolithic pottery pattern,and there were some performances in stone reliefs,picture brick,map and tomb mural in the Han Dynasty.During the Northern Dynasties,many cave paintings in Dunhuang also appeared as landscapes of decorative landscapes.The remains of these murals filled the image data of the early development of landscape painting,but they were quite different from the traditional landscape creation.The unique regional cultural blending characteristics,religious creative background,creative groups and audiences in Dunhuang murals all affected its special graphic form language.Through the comparative analysis of the landscape performance in the murals and the early landscape painting theory,a rich discussion can be made on the early landscape creations that did not yet form a mature system.