政策工具视角下中国体育科技政策改革:回顾与展望——基于1978—2018年体育科技政策的文本分析

Reform of China’s Sports Science and Technology Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools:Retrospect and Prospect-Based on the Textual Analysis of 1978-2018 Sports Science and Technology Policy

改革开放以来,中国体育科技取得了突飞猛进的发展,体育科技政策体系逐步完善,体育科技创新活力不断增强,促进了我国体育事业的发展。为了清楚的梳理中国体育科技政策体系的发展历程和总结成功经验,构建了基于政策工具维度、体育领域维度和创新价值链维度的三维分析框架,对1978—2018年期间的23项国家层面体育科技政策进行分析。在改革开放40年间的中国体育科技政策中,政策工具维度方面表现在环境型政策工具使用最为频繁;在体育各领域方面,政策工具使用不均衡,竞技体育领域使用较多;在创新价值链维度方面,知识创新政策工具使用多,体育科研创新和产业化创新政策工具使用较少。建议今后适度降低环境型政策工具的使用频率,加强需求型政策工具和供给型政策工具的使用;平衡各领域政策工具的使用,特别是要对群众体育和体育产业给予一定的政策保障,促进全民健康的实现和体育产业的平稳健康发展,保证各领域共同进步;提高体育科技政策工具与创新价值链的匹配度,在鼓励知识创新的同时,更加注重体育科研创新和产业化创新,使产学研更好的结合。

Since the reform and opening-up policy began,the sports science and technology has been developed rapidly,the sports science and technology poli cy system has been gradually improved, and the vitality of the sports science and technology innovation has been strengthened constantly and promoted the de velopment of sports in our country.In order to analyze the development history of China’s sports science and technology policy system clearly,and summarize successful experience, the three-dimensional framework based on the dimension of the policy tools,the dimension of the sports fields and the dimension of the innovation value chains was established for the first time to analyze 23 national sports science and technology policies from 1978 to 2018.During 40 years’ re form and opening up of the Chinese sports science and technology policies,it is characterized by the most frequent use of environmental policy tools in terms of policy tools.In various fields of sports, the use of policy tools is imbalanced, and the use of competitive sports is more frequent.In terms of innovation value chain,the tools for knowledge innovation policies are used frequently,while the tools for sports research innovation and industrialization innovation policies are used rarely.It is suggested that we should reduce the frequency of using environmental policy tools appropriately in the future to strengthen the usage of de mand-type policy tools and supply-type policy tools,balance the usage of the policy tools in all fields to ensure the common progress in all fields,In particular, we should provide some policy guarantees to Mass Sports and sports industry,so as to promote the realization of National Health and the steady and healthy de velopment of sports industry,to improve the matched-degree between the sports scientific and technological policy tools and innovation value chain to pay more attention to the sports scientific research innovation and industrialization innovation.