工业1.0到4.0演进视角下的劳动者无产阶级属性分析

An Analysis of the Proletarian Nature of the Laborer from an Evolutional Perspective from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0

在资本主义发展初期,资本家通过资本原始积累不断将劳动者从手工业工场和土地中赶到机器大工厂,产生了大量无产阶级工人。但是随着生产技术的飞速发展,尤其是信息经济和人工智能时代的到来,无产阶级工人又不断被机器所替代,被迫离开工厂。随着工业1.0向工业4.0的演进,企业的生产模式以及劳动者的无产阶级属性都发生了巨大的变化。商品的生产经历了“工场手工业机器大工业知识经济人工智能”四个时期的发展,而劳动者随着生产技术的进步也大致经历了“准无产阶级无产阶级半无产阶级去无产阶级化”四个阶段。工业4.0时代劳动者“去无产阶级化”的过程暗合从社会主义向共产主义过渡的演进逻辑,是实现社会主义市场经济下劳动者自由而全面发展的重要途径。

In the early stage of the development of capitalism,capitalists continuously drove laborers from handicraft workshops and lands to larger machine factories through the primitive accumulation of capital,for which a large number of proletariat workers appeared.However,with the rapid development of productive technology,especially the arrival of the age of information economy and of artificial intelligence,proletariat workers are constantly replaced by machines and forced to leave from factories.With the evolution from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0,the production mode of enterprises and the proletarian nature of laborers have been changed greatly.The production of commodities has gone through four periods of development,i.e.“workshop handicraft–largescale mechanized industry–knowledge-based economy–artificial intelligence”,and the laborers have also gone through four stages,i.e.“quasi-proletariat–proletariat–semi-proletariat–de-proletarianization”,with the progress of productive technology.The process of“de-proletarianization”of laborers in the age of Industry 4.0 coincides with the evolutional logic of the transition from socialism to communism,which is an important way to realize the free and comprehensive development of laborers in the socialist market economy.