我国多层次社会保障体系内部影响:促进还是抑制?

The Internal Influence of China’s Multi-Level Social Security System: Promotion or Restraint?

习近平在党的十九大报告中做出了全面建成多层次社会保障体系的战略部署,各层次之间的影响机制值得研究。基于政策反馈理论发现,一个层次可以通过两个平行的中介机制影响另一个层次,具体表现为:解释效应,行动者对层次Ⅰ的认知影响他对层次Ⅱ的认知,继而影响行动意愿;资源效应,行动者在层次Ⅰ的资源变化影响他在层次Ⅱ的预算,继而影响行动能力。以2008-2015年A股上市公司为样本,检验社会保险影响补充保险的双重中介机制。结果显示:基本养老保险通过解释效应促进企业年金参保和缴费,通过资源效应抑制企业年金参保;基本医疗保险通过解释效应促进补充医疗保险参保和缴费,没有显著的资源效应;社会保险对补充保险既有推动作用也有抑制作用。建议科学评估社会保障体系各层次之间的解释效应和资源效应,规避相互挤出,从解释效应和资源效应两面着手推动多层次社会保障体系的完善。

In the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC,XI Jinping made a strategic plan for building a multi-level social security system in all respects.Thus the influence mechanism among different levels is worth studying.On the basis of the policy feedback theory,it is found that one level can influence the other level through two parallel intermediary mechanisms,which are specifically manifested as: the explanation effect,that is to say that actor’s cognition of Level I influences his cognition of Level II,which in turn affects his action will;and the resource effect,that is to say that actor’s resource change in Level I affects his budget in Level Ⅱ,which in turn influences his action capability.Taking A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2015 as samples,this article will examine the dual intermediary mechanism of social insurance’s influence on supplementary insurance.The result shows that the basic endowment insurance promotes the participation and payment of enterprise annuity through the explanation effect,and restrains the participation of enterprise annuity through the resource effect;that basic medical insurance promotes the participation and payment of supplementary medical insurance through the explanation effect,but there is no significant resource effect;and that social insurance has both promoting and restraining effects on supplementary insurance.It is suggested to evaluate the explanation effect and resource effect among different levels of social security system scientifically,to avoid mutual exclusion,and to promote the construction of multi-level social security system from both explanation effect and resource effect.