受众变化对文学发展的影响——以18世纪英国为例

The Impact of Changing Audiences on the Development of Literature——Taking the 18th Century Britain as an Example

法兰克福学派学者列奥·洛文塔尔早在20世纪30年代就已经开始以受众为中心的文学社会学研究。在洛文塔尔文学社会学研究成果的基础上,分析了18世纪英国受众在数量和阶级构成方面的变化,以及这些变化对文学发展的影响。18世纪英国受众的变化不仅促成了文学消费市场化和大众化,提升了文学的社会文化地位,还影响了作家的创作标准和方向。具体社会历史语境中的受众分析运用跨学科的研究方法,为文学发展趋势研究提供了更丰富全面的资料和新的研究思路。

Leo Loventhal,one of the Frankfurt school scholars,has begun an audience-centered research in literary sociology in the 1930s.Based on the findings of Loventhal s study of literary sociology,this paper analyzes the changes in the quantity and class composition of the British audiences in the 18th century,and the impact of these changes on the evolution of literature.The changes in the 18th century British audiences contribute to the marketization and popularization of literary consumption,enhance the social and cultural status of literature and influence the writers literary creations as well.The research on the audiences in a specific socio-historical context applies the interdisciplinary approaches to provide more comprehensive evidences and suggests new research ideas for the trends of literature evolution.