基于PSR模型的城市生态安全评价与贡献度研究——以铜川市为例

Urban ecological security evaluation and contribution analysis by PSR model——a case study of Tongchuan City,Shaanxi

以铜川市为例进行城市生态安全评价和指标分析,采用压力-状态-响应模型和层次分析法构建出含有项目、因素、指标的铜川市生态安全评价体系。通过生态不安全指数定量表示城市的生态安全状况,对铜川市2014-2016年的生态安全状况进行了综合评价,并计算分析了各指标对城市总体生态不安全指数的贡献度。结果表明,铜川市的生态安全处于“临界安全”状态,并呈现逐渐向好的发展趋势。人均灌溉农田面积、地表水环境质量、环境空气质量和环保投资占GDP比例对铜川市生态不安全指数贡献度较大,应给予重视。

The paper intends to provide a scientific basis for the transition and sustainable development of the resource-based cities in China western area by taking Tongchuan as a case study sample. And,for the said purpose,we have conducted an ecological security evaluation over the city and analyzed the industrial and economic indicators of the city in the given paper,based on the characteristic analysis and the demands of its urban area development,in reference to the currently existing evaluation indicators of the urban ecological security via the pressure-state-response model. The city’s urban ecological security evaluation system can be made up of 3 projects,8 factors and 29 indicators. With the population explosion and urbanization acceleration,more and more attention of the city has been paid to the urban ecological security improvement,which has now become an important issue to its economic and urban transition. What is more,the urban ecological security indicators have also been involved in and determined by the analytic hierarchical process,as well as the relative importance matrices of all the evaluation indicators. Hence,it comes just from the said ecological insecurity indexes that the paper has made a quantitative analysis of the current state of the ecological security of the city with its ecological security level from 2014 to 2016 through careful calculation and analysis of each indicator to the ecological insecurity of the city. The results demonstrate that the ecological insecurity indexes of the city have been reduced from 0. 310 in 2014 to 0. 303 in 2016,which suggests that the ecological security of the city has come to a "critical security" status-in-situ. It implies that the positive development tendency has mainly contributed to the improvement of the human environment in the recent years. For example,the top 4 contributive indicators,i. e. per capita area of the irrigated farmland,the surface water environment quality,the environmental air quality and the ratio of the environmental investment to the GDP prove to take up 15. 2%,13. 6%,11. 1% and 9. 7% of the ecological insecurity indexes of the city,respectively. Therefore,through the above analysis of the main indicators,the paper has also brought about corresponding measures and suggestions for its further development purposefully.