基于GIS的祁连山生态敏感性评价

On ecological sensitivity evaluation of the Qilianshan Mountain range( Qinghai-Gansu) based on GIS

以遥感数据为基础数据源研究祁连山的生态环境特点和主要生态问题,并结合客观条件及评价因子的选取需具有代表性、可计量性的原则,选取气候舒适度指数、土地沙化指数、土地盐碱化指数、水土流失指数和生物多样性指数共5项评价因子对祁连山生态敏感性进行综合评价。运用GIS技术在单因子评价的基础上,再利用空间叠加分析功能和重分类工具进行多因子综合评价,划分5类生态敏感等级,由大到小依次为高敏感性、较高敏感性、中等敏感性、较低敏感性和低敏感性。结果表明,祁连山生态敏感性空间分异明显,高敏感性地区主要分布在祁连山西部地区,低敏感性地区主要分布在东部地区。生态敏感性总体都处于中等偏低的水平上,其中,中等以下的地区占研究区总面积的69.7 8%,高敏感性、较高敏感性占研究区的30.2 2%,表明对于祁连山的生态保护还是卓有成效的,但一些地区还存在不少问题,导致生态敏感性偏高。因此,未来对于祁连山生态环境保护任务依然艰巨,对于高敏感性区域的西部地区应该进行严格保护和生态治理,对于低敏感性区域的东部地区要持续加强生态保护,减少人为活动影响。

This paper intends to present a research result on the ecological environment special features of the Qilian Mountain ranges along the border area between Qinghai and Gansu as a research area on the basis of the remote sensing data,mainly taking into account the primary ecological factors.On this basis,the combination of the research focus and the objective conditions with the evaluation factors chosen as representative and measurable.More specifically speaking,the ecological sensitivity of the Qilian Mountain range has been analyzed comprehensively by the following 5 evaluation factors,namely,the climate comfort,the land desertation,the land salinization,the soil erosion,in addition to the biodiversity indexes.What is more,on the basis of a single factor evaluation for GIS technology,we have also conducted a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and generate 5 types of ecological sensitivity levels,namely,the high sensitivity,higher sensitivity,moderate sensitivity,low sensitivity,and extremely low sensitivity.The results of our evaluation demonstrate that the ecological sensitivities of the Qilian Mountain range are particularly keen and featured with the distinctive spatial fragility under the superposition function if the reclassification tool were utilized for the analysis.What is more,the high-sensitivity areas are more scattered in the western part of the mountain range,and,in contrast,the low-sensitivity areas prefer to be scattered in the eastern part,where the ecological sensitivity is generally at a moderate level,which account about for 69.78%of the entire study area.And,statistically speaking,the high-sensitivity and higher sensitivity areas tend to account for 30.22%of the total area.Therefore,on the whole,the ecological protection of the entire Qilian Mountain ranges should be said remaining fruitful.In spite of this,still numerous problems of some of the areas under study remain to be mentioned and needed to be solved.Hence,it is still particularly pointed out that great mission of ecological protection for Qilian Mountain range remains confronted by the departments of the local governments in the future.Whereas the western region of the mountain range with high sensitivity should be strictly protected and ecologically controlled,the eastern region should also be continuously strengthened with the lower sensitivity,the ecological protection,and the effect of human interference.