青藏高原地区草原生态旅游资源及其SWOT分析——以若尔盖草原为例

GRASSLAND ECO-TOURISM RESOURECS AND ITS SWOT ANALYSIS IN QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU——A CASE STUDY OF ZOIGE MEADOW

[目的]草原旅游属于草地农业生态系统的前植物生产层,是草地资源开发利用和绿色草产业可持续发展的新方向。青藏高原草原面积巨大,具有地域特色鲜明、动植物资源丰富、文化底蕴深厚、区位优势明显及潜在的生态风险等特点,为了满足草原旅游活动和草原生态保护的双重目的,促进高寒草原旅游的可持续发展。[方法]运用SWOT分析法,以川西北若尔盖草原旅游资源及开发利用为例,对其草原生态旅游资源的优势(S)、劣势(W)、机遇(O)和挑战(T)进行分析。[结果]若尔盖草原旅游产业具有品牌、资源、区位和知名度四大优势,并存季节性不平衡、基础设施不完善和体验性较差三大劣势,具有国家及地方政策规划、公众追求自然回归原始需求的两大机遇,同时面临草地资源保护与利用、需求多样化与景区同质性的两大矛盾与挑战。[结论](1)基于可持续发展理念,从生态旅游角度提出草地利用开发对策,应遵循保护优先,容量限制的原则;(2)树立“寓教于游”的生态观,凸显草原民俗与文化;(3)通过对草原旅游资源调查和开发可行性分析、合理分区与分级保护、完善基础设施以及核算游客容量阈值;(4)发展家庭牧场经济,规范牧民经营行为,加强监管力度,保障生态旅游可持续发展。

Grassland tourism belongs to the pre-plant production level of grassland-farming ecosystem,which is a new orientation on grassland resources utility and sustainable development. Qinghai-Tibet plateau has huge grassland area,distinctive regional characteristics,abundant animal and plant resources,profound culture,obvious geographical advantages and potential ecological risk,so tourism in alpine meadows is becoming more and more popular. In order to satisfy the dual purposes of grassland tourism activities and grassland ecological protection,promote the sustainable development of grassland tourism,the method of SWOT analysis with strength(S),weakness(W),opportunity(O) and threat(T) was used to evaluate the Eco-tourism development of Zoige meadow. Features of grassland eco-tourism industry in Zoige alpine meadow were showed as follows,four strengths were good brand,resources,location and popularity;three weakness were seasonal imbalance,imperfect infrastructure and poor experience;two opportunities were national and local policy planning and public pursuit of natural return to original demand,respectively. At the same time,it faced two threats and challenges of grassland resources protection and utilization,diversification of demand and homogeneity of scenic spots. Based on the concept of sustainable development,the countermeasures of grassland utilization and development are put forward from the perspective of eco-tourism,and it should follow the principles of protection first and capacity limits,set up the ecological view of "learning from eco-tourism",highlight the folklore and culture of the grassland,establish the reasonable partition and grading protection,improve the infrastructure and calculate the threshold of tourist capacity. Meanwhile,family pasture economy should standardize herdsmen's management behavior,strengthen supervision and ensure sustainable development of eco-tourism.