农户宅基地退出意愿与行为转化研究——基于金寨县的实证

RESEARCH ON THE EXITING WILLINGNESS AND BEHAVIOR TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL LAND OF DIFFERENT LIVELIHOOD TYPES——BASED ON THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN JINZHAI COUNTY

[目的]为厘清农户宅基地退出意愿与行为的影响因素及意愿—行为的转化机理,以期为制定宅基地退出政策提供参考。[方法]文章借鉴已有研究,在农户分化的基础上,引入计划行为理论并将其进行修正,利用金寨县438户农户的问卷调查数据,采用Logistic回归模型对不同生计类型农户的宅基地退出意愿与行为影响因素进行分析,进而探讨其转化机理。[结果]不同类型农户退出意愿与行为的影响因素差异明显,非农收入占比较高与较低农户之间意愿—行为转化所受影响总体呈相反趋势。非农收入占比较低的农户退出意愿向行为转化过程中,政府作用和社会效应减弱,更加关注自身能力的可行性;而非农收入占比较高的农户意愿—行为转化过程中则淡化了自身需求和政策感知,更加重视社会示范效应和政府作用。自身禀赋条件是退出基础,决定着政府作用与社会示范效应的效用大小,农户意愿与行为的转化机理为:减少自身禀赋条件约束,增强外部效应。[结论]应适当提高退出补偿,改善农户退出后居住环境,完善退出后住房、医疗等社会保障,加强政策宣传,形成良好的退出环境,增强社会示范效应。

This research aims to clarify the influencing factors for farmers′ willingness and behavior of rural residential land exit as well as the willingness-behavior transformation mechanism,so as to provide references for formulating rural residential land exit policies. Based on the existing studies and peasant differentiation,this research introduced the theory of planned behavior and modified it. Taking the data from questionnaire investigation among 438 farmers in Jinzhai county,it analyzed the influencing factors for willingness and behaviors of rural residential land exit of farmers of different livelihood types with the logistic regression model,and further discussed the transformation mechanism. The results showed that there were obvious differences in influencing factors for willingness and behaviors of rural residential land exit among farmers of different livelihood types,and the influencing factors for willingness-behavior transformation between farmers with higher nonfarm incomes and those with lower nonfarm incomes were in a generally opposite trend. During the transformation of willingness of rural residential land exit into behavior,governments′ functions and social effects became weaker among farmers with lower nonfarm incomes,who paid more attention to the feasibility of their own ability;while during the transformation,self-requirements and policy perception became weaker among farmers with higher nonfarm incomes who paid more attention to social demonstration effects and government functions. Their endowed advantages were the bases of rural residential land exit which decided the effectiveness of government functions and social demonstration effects. The transformation mechanism of farmers′ willingness and behavior was to reduce constraints of endowed advantages and strengthen external effects. Therefore,compensation for rural residential land exit should be raised,living environments for farmers should be improved,social security issues such as housing and medical issues should be improved after rural residential land exit and propagation of policies should be strengthened,so as to form a good environment for rural residential land exit and strengthen social demonstration effects.