云南省休闲农业空间分布特征及其影响因素分析

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHATACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF LEISURE AGRICULTURE IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

[目的]发展休闲农业是深度开发农业资源潜力,调整农业结构,增加农民收入的重要途径。分析云南省休闲农业空间分布特征及影响因素,为优化布局供理论参考。[方法]以2011—2016年云南省农业厅和农业省旅游局及国家旅游局公布的休闲农业名单为研究样本,运用平均最邻近比率、地理集中指数和平均分布密度等方法研究云南省休闲农业空间分布特征,并具体分析了影响分布的因素。[结果](1)云南省的休闲农业可分为观光采摘园、农业科技园、休闲农业园、文化创意园4种类型,整体呈集聚分布,但4种类型分布不均匀。(2)休闲农业市域分布差异明显,其中昆明市和大理白族自治州分布数目最多,昆明市、玉溪市和保山市休闲农业的平均分布密度远高于其他地区。(3)影响云南省休闲农业空间分布的因素主要有经济发展水平、资源禀赋、交通条件和气候特点,云南省休闲农业多分布在拥有较高的经济发展水平、资源充沛、丰富的交通干线和气候条件优越的地区。[结论]云南省休闲农业分布不均,根据“点—轴”空间理论和核心—边缘理论,今后可先形成城市边缘休闲地带,然后由经济的带动逐步向欠发达地区拓展。充分利用地区气候条件优势和资源优势,开发休闲农业新模式。还可考虑将休闲农业与传统旅游景区相结合共同形成环城市或环交通干线的景观带,形成“一串式”发展格局。

The development of leisure agriculture is an important way to deeply exploit the potential of agricultural resources,adjust the agricultural structure,and increase the income of farmers. This research aims to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of leisure agriculture in Yunnan,and provide theoretical references for optimizing layout. Taking the list of leisure agriculture announced by Yunnan Agriculture Department,Agricultural Tourism Administration and National Tourism Administration from 2011 to 2016 as the research sample,this research used the methods including the average nearest ratio,geographical concentration index,and average distribution density to study the spatial distribution of leisure agriculture in Yunnan province,and analyze the factors that affected the distribution. Yunnan′s leisure agriculture could be divided into four types: sightseeing and picking gardens,agricultural science and technology parks,leisure agriculture parks,and cultural and creative parks. The overall distribution was agglomeration,but the four types were unevenly distributed. There were significant differences in the distribution of leisure agriculture,among which Kunming and Dali distributed the most,while the average distribution density of leisure agriculture in Kunming,Yuxi,and Baoshan was much higher than in other regions. The influencing factors of the spatial distribution of recreational agriculture in Yunnan province were mainly the level of economic development,natural resources,traffic conditions and climate. Leisure agriculture in Yunnan province was mainly distributed in areas with high economic development level,abundant resources,abundant transportation trunk lines and favorable climatic conditions. The distribution of leisure agriculture in Yunnan province is uneven. According to the "point-axis" space theory and the core-periphery theory,the urban fringe leisure zone is formed first,and then it is gradually led by the economy to the undeveloped regions. It should make full use of regional climate conditions and resource advantages to develop new models of leisure agriculture. It is also possible to consider the combination of leisure agriculture and traditional tourist attractions to form a landscape belt around the city or around the trunk line,and form a "one-string" development pattern.