谁谋杀了上帝?

Who Murdered God?

尼采通常被视为是无神论事业的哲学捍卫者,但是通过对尼采《快乐的科学》中“疯子”及其在市场中的表现的分析可以揭示出,“疯子”并不是尼采的代言人,而是对尼采学说的极具诱惑力的歪曲。“疯子”没有把“上帝死了”作为探索自我肯定的非关系性基础的机会,他宁愿背负杀死上帝的终极之罪,也不愿思索与上帝无关且不受罪玷污的生存可能性。因此“疯子”所宣称的“我们已经杀死上帝”的信念伪造了一种后有神论生存,但实际上,晚期现代西方人并没有做好接受彻底无神论的准备。对于尼采来说,“上帝死了”则标志着人类历史上一个黄昏时期的开端,人们对上帝的信仰变得越来越非理性和不可思议,但又不可动摇,不是因为人的选择或过失,而是因为一个濒临衰竭的文化融合的传统。

Nietzsche is generally cited as the philosophical champion of atheism.However,a close study of his Die fr hliche Wissenschaft(The Gay Science)shows that,the Madman is not officially speaking for Nietzsche;on the contrary,he represents a seductive distortion of Nietzsche s teaching and insight.Having not taken the“death of God”as an opportunity to explore other non-relational bases for self-affirmation,the Madman would rather convict himself of the ultimate crime than contemplate the possibility of an existence unrelated to God and unsullied by sin.Therefore,by announcing“we have killed God”,the Madman has forged a post-theistic existence.But in fact,the late moderns are not prepared to embrace the thoroughgoing atheism.For Nietzsche,the announcement of the“death of God”marks the commencement of a twilight period in human history,wherein the belief in God will become increasingly irrational,incredible,yet unshakable.The situation is not owing to choice or fault of late moderns,but to a long tradition of acculturation that is nearing the point of exhaustion.