改革开放四十年来高校法学教育与实务部门的关系发展与展望

The Development of the Relationship between Universities’ Legal Education and Legal Departments in the 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

从1978年至2018年的四十年,我国的法学教育经历了恢复重建时期(1978~1993年)、快速发展时期(1993~2001年)、稳定发展时期(2001~2012年)和纵深发展时期(2012~2018年)。高校法学教育与实务部门之间的关系也经历了"各自发展-试探接触-展开合作-并肩前行"的发展历程。1978~1993年是我国法制建设的全面恢复期,法学高等教育和司法系统都处于自己的恢复重建期,尚未开展明显的交流与合作。1993-2001年,随着法硕教育、律师资格考试、初任法官考试和初任检察官考试制度的设立,我国高校法律教育开始和法律实务部门进行试探性接触,零星地出现了高校学者到实务部门挂职的现象。2001~2012年,我国高校法律教育和法律实务部门开始深化交流,高校对法律硕士的教育实行双导师制,注重聘用法律实务工作者参与法学教学之中;同时也更加重视法学教育实践基地的建立,高校教师到法律实务部门挂职锻炼逐渐常态化。2012~2018年,以"卓越法律人才教育培养计划"的正式启动与实施为主线,高校与法律实务部门开启了并肩前行的新篇章。

Since 1978,China’s legal education has experienced four development periods:a period of restoration and reconstruction(1978-1993),a period of rapid development(1993-2001),a period of stable development(2001-2012),and a period of deep development(2012-present).Therefore,the relationship between universities and legal departments has also experienced the process of "respective development-exploratory contactcooperation-common development".From 1978 to 1993,it was the comprehensive recovery period of China’ s legal system construction.The legal education in high school and judicial system were in their own period of recovery and reconstruction,and no obvious exchanges or cooperation had been carried out.From 1993 to 2001,with the establishment of Juris Master education system,the lawyer qualification examination system and job qualification system for judge and prosecutor,colleges began to make tentative contacts with legal departments.For instance,some colleges selected scholars to serve temporary positions in legal departments.From 2001 to2012,universities and legal departments began to deepen exchanges.The colleges have implemented two-instructor system for the education of Juris Master,focusing on the employment of legal practitioners in law teaching,and paid more attention to the construction of law education practice bases.The exchanges between them were gradually normalized.Since 2012,the "Excellent Legal talent Cultivation Plan" has been launched,then the cooperation between universities and legal departments have stepped into a new stage of common development.