播种方式和灌水量对春小麦干物质和产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Patterns and Irrigation Amount on Dry Matter and Yield of Spring Wheat

为筛选与新疆春小麦匀播技术配套的适宜灌水量,以春小麦品种新春34号为材料,进行二因素盆栽试验,设置匀播(U)和条播(D)2种播种方式,以及W75(拔节水)、W150(拔节水+扬花水)、W225(拔节水+扬花水+灌浆水)和W300(起身水+拔节水+扬花水+灌浆水)4个不同灌溉水平(每次灌水量75mm),研究了播种方式和灌水量对春小麦干物质和产量的影响。结果表明,与常规条播相比,匀播促进了小麦出苗20d后的分蘖,增加了有效分蘖,其中W75、W150、W225和W300条件下,匀播小麦的穗数分别提高25.62%、41.79%、43.39%、46.10%,分蘖成穗率分别提高20.15%、30.15%、30.68%、33.63%;匀播提高了小麦旗叶、倒二叶的SPAD值,延缓了叶片衰老,增强了群体生育后期的光合作用,且匀播方式下增大灌水量更有利于延长小麦叶片的功能期;匀播促进了小麦营养器官干物质的积累及其在花后向籽粒中的转运,有利于产量形成;在W75、W150、W225、W300条件下,匀播小麦产量较条播分别提高2.76%、4.41%、3.77%和3.42%,两种播种方式下W225处理产量均最大。因此,匀播方式下W225灌水模式最有利于春小麦生长发育和高产。

In order to screening the proper irrigation amount of spring wheat under uniform sowing,a pot experiment with two-factor randomized block design was conducted to study the effects of sowing patterns and irrigation amount on dry matter and yield of spring wheat with spring wheat variety Xinchun 34as experimental material.There were two treatments in seeding pattern:uniform sowing(U) and drilling(D).The irrigation amount was treated with W75(jointing water),W150(jointing water+ flowering water),W225(jointing water+flowering water+grouting water)and W300(rising water+ jointing water+ flowering water + grouting water),with 75 mm water each time.The results showed that,the uniform sowing method promoted the tillering of wheat after 20days of emergence and increased the effective tillering compared with the conventional seeding pattern.Among them,under the treatments of W75,W150,W225and W300,the number of harvested wheat ears were increased by 25.62%,41.79%,43.39%and 46.10%,the tillering rate was increased by 20.15%,30.15%,30.68% and 33.63%,respectively;the sowing method prolonged the senescence of wheat leaves,increased the SPAD value of the flag and penultimate leaves of the plants,and enhanced the photosynthesis in the late growth stage of the group and the increase of irrigation amount in the uniform pattern are more conducive to prolonging the senescence of the leaves of wheat plants.The study also showed that the uniform sowing method improved the dry matter accumulation of the vegetative organs of wheat and promoted the dry matter of vegetative organs.The transport in the grain further increased the yield. Among them,under the treatment of W75,W150,W225and W300,wheat yield under the uniform sowing was increased by 2.76%,4.41%,3.77%and 3.42%,respectively,and the W225treatment reached the maximum under the two seeding patterns.Therefore,it is beneficial to improve the dry matter accumulation, distribution and translocation of spring wheat under the condition of uniform sowing and seeding with irrigation amount of W225.