从教学大纲到课程标准:中职公共基础课程中国家教育意志的嬗变

From Syllabus to Curriculum Standards: Evolution of National Educational Will in Public Basic Courses of Secondary Vocational Schools

课程标准是关于课程的基本规范和质量要求,是课程计划中每门学科以纲要形式编写的、有关学科教学内容的指导性文件。2017年教育部启动中职公共基础课程国家标准的修订,将过去一直延用的“教学大纲”改为“课程标准”。从教学大纲到课程标准意味着国家教育意志的意义嬗变,这种意义嬗变主要表现为作用载体从课堂教学转为课程建设,基本视域从关注教学过程转向注重学习结果,目标取向从注重三维目标转向培养学生的学科核心素养。国家教育意志的嬗变需要每个职教人的专业理解与实践,每个职教人应将国家的教育意志融入到每堂课的教学实践中、应用到每位学生的综合素养培育上,实现从教学大纲向课程标准的教学“转身”。

The curriculum standard is the basic norm and quality requirement of the curriculum. It is the guiding document of each subject in the curriculum plan in the form of outline and the teaching content of related subjects. In 2017, the Ministry of Education launched the revision of the national standard for public basic courses in secondary vocational schools, and changed the "syllabus" that has been used in the past to the "curriculum standard". The change from syllabus to curriculum standard means the change of the meaning of the national educational will, which is mainly manifested in the transformation of the carrier of action from classroom teaching to curriculum construction, the shift of basic horizon from focus on teaching process to focus on learning results, and the shift of goal orientation from focus on three-dimensional goal to cultivate students' core discipline literacy. The evolution of the national educational will requires the professional understanding and practice of each vocational educator. Each vocational educator should integrate the national educational will into the teaching practice of each class and apply it to the cultivation of each student's comprehensive literacy, so as to realize the "turn" from the syllabus to the curriculum standard.