近20年来新旧“火炉城市”热岛状况对比研究

Comparative Study on the Urban Heat Island Effect in “Stove Cities” during the Last 20 Years

“火炉城市”是对城市热岛效应的最直观描述,它是城市温度在城市小气候的重要表现。以我国4个新旧“火炉城市”,南京、杭州、福州和广州为研究区,对1990-2010年间4个城市的热岛效应进行定量估算和对比分析,研究发现福州的城市热岛比例指数(Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index,URI)从1994年的0.553增加到2016年的0.689,热岛效应加剧程度居4个“火炉城市”之首,而南京的热岛效应则有一定程度的缓解。针对城市建成区小气候与地表要素的关系研究发现,建筑用地和植被与地表温度之间有着显著的相关关系,同时建筑用地和植被斑块的聚合、破碎,也同样是造成城市小气候变化的重要原因。

"Stove city" is the most direct description of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect,which is an important manifestation in the urban microclimate.This paper focuses on the quantitative evaluation and comparative analysis in the four "stove cities",Nanjing,Hangzhou,Fuzhou and Guangzhou,from 1990s to 2010s.The study shows that the value of Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index (URI) of Fuzhou increases from 0.553 in 1994 to 0.689 in 2016,suggesting the UHI effect in Fuzhou has been increasing significantly.In contrast,the UHI effect in Nanjing is relieved to some degree.The result reveals the quantitative relationships between land surface biophysical components,e.g.,built land and vegetation,and land surface temperature.The analysis shows that the increase and amalgamation of built-land patches,reduction and fragmentation of vegetation are the main factors contributing to the formation of urban heat islands.