再论对违反法定程序的司法审查基于最高人民法院公布的判例(2009-2018)

On Judicial Review of Violation of Statutory Procedures Based on the Cases Publishedbythe Supreme People’s Court(2009-2018)

行政法学理对"违反法定程序"的解释,与2009年之前相比并没有发展出新的学说。对"程序轻微违法"的解释则主要通过整理判例列出若干情形,但未作类型化处理和一般化判断规则的提炼。结合过去十年最高法院公布的判例,我们可以发现"违反法定程序"作为司法审查标准未能发展成更为精细化、多元化的判断标准;在没有法定程序的情况下,法院仍然采用"正当程序原则"的司法审查标准,但不断扩大其适用的行政领域范围。2014年修改后的《行政诉讼法》实施以来,未见最高人民法院公布因被诉行政行为"程序轻微违法"而作出确认违法判决的判例,这种状况可能会影响法院确认违法判决的正确适用。

The theoretical interpretation of “violation of statutory procedures” in administrative law has not changed much since 2009. The understanding of 44petty violation of the statutory procedures" is mainly based on case study, but it has not been categorized and the general rule of judgment has not yet been formed. More practical way is to estimate **actual impact on the plaintiffs rights" by using the distri bution of the burden of proof. Based on the analysis of cases published by the Supreme Peoples Court over the last 10 years, we can find that, as a standard of judicial review,"violation of statutory procedures" fails to develop into a more refined and diversified judicial standard. In the absence of statutory proce dures the principle of due process can still be adopted by the courts and its scope of application has ex panded. After the implementation of the Administrative Litigation Law (2014), the Supreme People's Court has not published any cases that confirm the illegality of the alleged administrative action due to "petty violation of the statutory procedures", which may lead to adverse effects on the correct application of the judgment to confirm illegality.