既有地下结构扩建改造施工中的安全风险与控制

Safety Risk and Control of Extension and Reconstruction of Existing Underground Structure

以上海为例,探讨了软土地区大型城市既有地下结构扩建改造工程施工中的安全风险特点,采用工作分解结构(WBS)、风险分解结构(RBS )分析法,从人员安全、施工机械设备安全、结构安全和周边环境安全等角度对既有地下结构扩建改造施工安全风险进行了识别,建立了风险清单。初步评估了风险事件的风险等级,提出了既有结构失稳或坍塌、支护体系失稳或坍塌、支撑失稳、地下水管涌与流砂、模架体系失稳、新旧结构体系失稳或坍塌以及周边设施变形或损坏等风险事件为不愿接受风险。结合施工案例分析,制订了既有地下结构扩建改造施工主要安全风险的控制措施。

Taking Shanghai as an example, this paper discusses the construction and safety risk characteristics of the existing underground structure extension and reconstruction project in large cities in soft soil areas. By adopting the work breakdown structure(WBS) and risk decomposition structure(RBS) analysis method and from the perspectives of personnel safety, construction machinery and equipment safety, structural safety and surrounding environmental safety,the safety risks of the existing underground structure extension and reconstruction were identified and a risk list was established. The risk grade of risk events was initially assessed. Risk events such as the existing structural instability or collapse, instability or collapse of the support system, support instability, groundwater piping and runoff, instability of the formwork system, instability or collapse of the old and new structural systems, deformation or damage to surrounding facilities were identified as unacceptable risks. Combined with the construction case analysis, the control measures for the main safety risks of the existing underground structure extension and reconstruction were formulated.