江西省2012-2017年肾综合征出血热疫情分析

Analysis on the prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2017

目的对江西省2012-2017年肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)流行情况及监测点啮齿动物监测资料进行分析,为控制HFRS疫情提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对全省2012-2017年HFRS时间、地区和人群分布资料及啮齿动物监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2012-2017年共报告HFRS病例3 763例,死亡33例,年均发病率为1.38/10万,病死率为0.88%;男女发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=452.282,P<0.001);每年发病存在春季(5~6月)和冬季(11~1月)两个高峰,且冬峰明显高于春峰;职业发病中农民发病构比有所下降,家务及待业、学生和其他构成比均有不同程度的上升;两个监测点平均鼠密度为3.63%,优势鼠种室内为褐家鼠,室外为黑线姬鼠,6年平均带毒鼠指数为0.04。结论江西省2012-2017年HFRS疫情总体呈上升趋势,建议继续加强高发地区防鼠灭鼠、推广疫苗接种补种、开展全民健康教育等综合性防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS and rodent monitoring data in JiangXi province from 2012 to 2017,so as to provide scientific basis for controlling HFRS prevalence. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the changes in time, region,and population morbidity of HFRS and rodent monitoring data from 2012 to 2017 in the province. Results From 2012 to 2017,there were 3 763 HFRS cases with 33 deaths reported in JiangXi province, the incidence was 1. 38 /100 000,the case fatality was 0. 88%. The incidence in males was significantly higher than that in females(χ^2 = 452. 282,P < 0. 001). In the composition of occupation, the proprotion of farmers was decreased,while household workers,workers waiting for employment,students and other occupations were increased. There were two peaks in spring ( from May to June) and winter ( from November to January),and the winter peak was obviously higher than the spring peak. The average rat density at the two surveillance areas was 3. 63%. Rattus norvegicus was predominant in residential areas and Apodemus agrarius was predominant in the wild. The six years on average index of rats with virus was 0. 04. Conclusion The incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in JiangXi Province generally showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2017,which suggest that we should continue to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control measures: rodent control in high-incidence areas,popularize vaccination and replenishment, and carry out health education for the whole population.