2014—2017年柳州市区非职业性急性一氧化碳中毒患者流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients in Liuzhou from 2014 to 2017

目的研究柳州市非职业性急性一氧化碳中毒(acute carbon monoxide poisoning,ACOP)患者的流行病学特点,结合气象因素变化,为城市非职业性一氧化碳中毒的防治工作提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查分析方法,对2014-01 至2017-12 柳州市四家医院急诊科收治的ACOP 患者的性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、发生时间、发生地点、中毒程度、中毒原因、气象因素等项目进行描述性分析。结果该期间柳州市四家医院急诊科共收治ACOP 患者4 746 例,每年中毒患者呈递增趋势。男1 842 例,占38.81%;女2 904 例,占61.19%。患者年龄3 个月~108 岁,平均年龄30.00(21.00,43.00)岁。20~30 岁ACOP 患者最多,占26.82%;初中及以下文化患病例数最多,占42.00%。每年的11 月至次年3 月为发病高峰期。ACOP 发病场所绝大多数在家庭,占91.57%;少部分发生在工作场所,占7.11%。中毒原因以煤气热水器使用不当为主,占78.62%;人工煤气泄漏次之。ACOP 中毒多发生在气温低、风速慢、气压高的气候环境,与气象因素密不可分。结论本研究提供了柳州市非职业性ACOP 患者及气候因子基本数据,为城市非职业性ACOP 的防治提供了最新的科学依据。

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) patients in Liuzhou, and to provide a basis for the prevention and monitoring of non-occupational ACOP in cities by also taking into account meteorological factors. Methods The gender, age, occupation, education background, occurrence time, location, degree of intoxication, cause of intoxication, meteorological factors and other items of ACOP patients admitted to the emergency department of four hospitals in Liuzhou city from January 2014 to December 2017 were analyzed using retrospective investigation method. Results A total of 4,746 ACOP patients were admitted to the emergency department of the four hospitals in Liuzhou. The number of poisoning patients increased year by year. There were 1,842 males, accounting for 38.81%, and 2,904 females, accounting for 61.19%. The patients were aged from 3 months to 108 years old and the average age was 30.00 (21.00, 43.00) years. In terms of age, patients aged from 20 to 50 took up for the largest proportion, accounting for 26.82%. In terms of education, poisoning cases who had received little education (junior high school and below) took the largest proportion, accounting for 42.00%. The peak of incidence was from November to next March;the vast majority of ACOP happened in households, accounting for 91.57%, and a few occurred in the workplace, accounting for 7.11%. The main cause of the poisoning was improper use of gas water heater, accounting for 78.62%, followed by the leakage of artificial gas. ACOP mostly occurred in an environment of low temperature, low wind speed and high atmospheric pressure. Conclusions This study shows the basic data of ACOP patients in Liuzhou and provides scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of non-occupational ACOP.