抗战时期陕西棉业研究

A Research on Shaanxi Cotton Industry during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期陕西棉业的发展在中国近代棉业史上有着特别的意义。随着抗战爆发后传统棉业格局的变化,陕西棉区不得不面临新的使命与困境,棉花生产在制度变化和技术改进的前提下,艰难地维持着与粮食作物间的相对平衡。传统棉花供需环节的断裂和后方各省对原棉的迫切需求,迫使陕棉转运川渝,虽然以政府和各大纱厂为主要运力,但陕棉的外销数量和比重都较战前降低。这一方面反映了战时棉花外销的实际困难,另一方面也为迁陕的当地机器纱厂提供了原料准备。战时纱布急剧短缺的环境下,陕西机器与手工棉纺织业出现了共同繁荣的局面。战时陕西棉业的发展,是全国经济格局变动下后方产业要素自身重组的结果,也反映出后方省际贸易和传统生产方式的复兴在保障战时经济中发挥的重要作用。

The development of Shaanxi cotton industry has a special significance in the history of modern cotton industry in China during the Anti-Japanese War. With the changes of traditional cotton industry after the outbreak of the Japanese invasion of China in 1937, the Shaanxi cotton area has to face a series of new missions and dilemmas. Under the premise of institutional changes and technological improvements, cotton production has struggled to maintain a relative balance with food crops. The breakage of traditional cotton market supply and demand, and the urgent demand for raw cotton in the rear provinces forced Shaanxi to transport it to Sichuan. Although the government and major company were the main transport capacity, the export volume and proportion of Shaanxi cotton were lower than before. This reflects the practical difficulties of exporting cotton during wartime. On the other hand, it also provides some material preparation for the local machine mills. In the environment of a sharp shortage of wartime gauze, Shaanxi machinery and the hand-made cotton textile industry have seen a common prosperity. The development of the Shaanxi cotton industry during the war was the result of the restructuring of the rear industrial elements under the changes of the national economic structure. It also reflected the important role played by the revival of the inter-provincial trade and traditional production methods in safeguarding the wartime economy.