明代藏传佛教政策的转换与演进

The Transformation and Evolution of Tibetan Buddhism Policy in the Ming Dynasty

宗教事务管理是中国古代国家政治生活的重要内容。明代治藏一方面承袭元制、优待藏传佛教及其高僧,另一方面又使其在整体上不脱离国家的边疆民族政策,服务于国家统一和社会稳定的需要。明代藏传佛教政策总体上保持一致,但在不同历史时期受国家政治、社会生活、边疆形势等因素影响,不断地进行着调整和修复。

The management of religious affairs is an important part of the political life and spiritual culture history of ancient Chinese.On the one hand,the rule of the Ming Dynasty inherited the Yuan system,preferential treatment of Tibetan Buddhism and its monks;and on the other hand,made it not separated from the country’s frontier ethnic policy as a whole,and serving the needs of national unity and social stability.The policy of Tibetan Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty remained the same on the whole,but it was constantly adjusted and modified under the influence of national politics,social life,and frontier situations in different historical periods.The Religious policy on Tibetan Buddhism during the Ming Dynasty can be divided into four stages:1)the Hongwu to Tianshun period,2)the Chenghua to Zhengde period,3)the Jiajing period,and 4)the Longqing to Chongzhen period.The context of the development and evolution of the Tibetan Buddhism policy in the Ming Dynasty was reviewed and commented.