氮肥运筹对苏达盐碱地水稻品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Managements on Rice Quality under Soda-Saline-Alkali Soil

【目的】本文研究了不同氮肥处理对苏达盐碱地水稻的碾磨品质、外观品质、营养品质以及食味品质的影响。【方法】以垦粳7号和垦粳8号为材料,在大田条件下设置氮肥基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥比例分别为0(N0)、6∶4∶0∶0(N1)、5∶3∶0∶2(N2)、4∶3∶1∶2(N3)、4∶3∶1∶2(0.9N3,施氮总量减少10%)5个处理。【结果】全生育期施氮量150kg/hm^2时提高调节肥与穗肥占总施氮量的比例,2品种的精米率和整精米率下降,稻米垩白度与垩白率显著降低,直链淀粉含量下降,稻米的蛋白质和食味品质得到提高。在相同氮肥分配比例(4∶3∶1∶2)下,氮肥总量减少10%时提高了垦粳7号的营养品质,垦粳8号的碾磨、外观、营养与食味品质得到提高。从兼顾稻米综合品质的角度考虑,生育期总施氮量为150kg/hm^2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶1∶2条件利于垦粳7号品质的提升。生育期总施氮量为135kg/hm2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶1∶2条件下垦粳8号稻米的各品质处于较优水平。垦粳7号的营养及外观品质优于垦粳8号,但垦粳8号食味品质和碾磨品质较好。【结论】综上可知,根据品种特性适当减氮以及提高调节肥与穗肥占总施氮量的比例利于稻米品质的改善。该研究结果可为盐碱地区的水稻氮肥合理运筹提供理论参考。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to the effects of different nitrogen treatments on milling quality,appearance quality,nutritional quality and eating quality of rice under soda-saline-alkali soil.【Method】Taking Kenjing7 and Kenjing8 as tested materials,the nitrogen fertilizers were set as base fertilizer ∶tiller fertilizer ∶adjusting fertilizer ∶panicle fertilizer,and their percentage was 0 (N0),6 ∶4 ∶0 ∶0 (N1),5 ∶3 ∶0 ∶2 (N2),4 ∶3 ∶1 ∶2 (N3),4 ∶3 ∶1 ∶2 (0.9N3,the total amount of nitrogen reduced by 10 %) under the condition of the field.【Result】When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole growth period was 150 kg/hm^2,the rate of fine rice and whole concentrate rice decreased,the chalkiness and chalkiness rate of rice decreased significantly,the content of amylose decreased,and the protein and taste quality of rice increased in the two varieties. Under the same nitrogen distribution ratio (4 ∶3 ∶1 ∶2),the nutrient quality of Kenjing7 was improved when the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 10 %,and the milling,appearance,nutrition and taste quality of Kenjing8 were improved. Considering the comprehensive quality of rice,the total nitrogen application amount during the growth period was 150 kg/hm^2,and basal fertilizer ∶tiller fertilizer ∶adjusting fertilizer ∶panicle fertilizer was 4 ∶3 ∶1 ∶2 condition,which was conducive to improving the quality of Kenjing 7. During the growth period,the total nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/hm 2,base fertilizer ∶tiller fertilizer ∶adjusting fertilizer ∶the spike fertilizer was 4 ∶3 ∶1 ∶2,and the quality of rice variety Kenjing8 was at the best level. The nutrition and appearance quality of Kenjing 7 was better than that of Kenjing 8,but Kenjing 8 had better eating quality and milling quality.【Conclusion】In summary,the appropriate nitrogen reduction according to the variety characteristics and the ratio of regulating fertilizer and panicle fertilizer to total nitrogen amount was beneficial to the improvement of rice quality. The results can provide a theoretical reference for rational management of nitrogen fertilizer in rice in soda-saline-alkali soil.