马铃薯块茎形成期增温对其淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性及产量的影响

Effect of High Temperature on Potato Starch Content, Amylase Activity and Yield

【目的】本文研究了块茎形成期增温对马铃薯淀粉形成期及之后淀粉、淀粉酶活性的影响机理。【方法】试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设3种处理,常温处理(T1):(25±2)℃,当地自然温度(T2):(29±2)℃,高温处理(T3):(35±2)℃。在马铃薯块茎形成初期进行温度处理,在马铃薯块茎形成初期、中期、后期、块茎膨大期、主要淀粉积累期及收获期测定块茎总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量,ADPG-PPase、GBSSase、SSSase、SBEase活性以及产量及构成因素。【结果】与T1处理相比,T3降低总淀粉含量、直链和支链淀粉含量分别降低33.70%,7.85%和35.88%;T3处理淀粉形成关键酶ADPG-PPase、GBSSase、SSSase、SBEase活性较T1分别降低32.24%、27.90%、16.11%和42.74%,通过通径分析,马铃薯淀粉形成关键酶对不同生长阶段淀粉形成的影响不同得出:①高温不利于马铃薯块茎淀粉的形成;②块茎形成期高温会降低马铃薯淀粉形成酶ADPG-PPase、GBSSase、SSSase、SBEase的活性;③块茎形成期高温对马铃薯产量的影响达到显著水平,降低其经济效益。【结论】在马铃薯块茎形成期低温有利于马铃薯块茎的形成及后期淀粉的积累,以期为宁夏南部旱作雨养区马铃薯高产高效栽培措施提供一定的理论依据。

【Objective】This paper aimed to study the mechanism of the effect of high temperature during tuber formation on potato starch formation.【Method】The test was designed using a single factor randomized block design with 3 treatments[ room temperature treatment (T1):(25±2)℃,local natural temperature (T2):(29 ±2)℃,and high temperature treatment (T3):(35 ±2)℃. In the potato tuber formation stage,the total starch,amylopectin and amylose content of tubers,ADPG-PPase,GBSSase,SSSase and SBEase activity,as well as yield and composition factors,were determined in the early,middle and late stages of potato tuber formation,tuber expansion,major starch accumulation and ripening harvest.【Result】Compared with T1 treatment,T3 reduced total starch content,linear and amylopectin content by 33.70 %,7.85 % and 35.88 %,respectively;T3 treatment of starch formation key enzymes ADPG-PPase,GBSSase,SSSase,SBEase activity than that of T1 decreased by 32.24 %,27.90 %,16.11 % and 42.74 %,respectively;Through path analysis,the effects of key enzymes of potato starch formation on starch formation in different growth stages were different.(i) High temperature was not conducive to the formation of potato tuber starch;(ii) High temperature during tuber formation reduced the activity of potato starch forming enzymes ADPG-PPase,GBSSase,SSSase and SBEase;(iii) The effect of high temperature on tuber production during the tuber formation period reached a significant level,reducing its economic benefits.【Conclusion】The low temperature during potato tuber formation was conducive to the formation of potato tubers and the accumulation of starch in the later stage,which would provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation and breeding of potato in the rain-fed areas of southern Ningxia.