贵州省土地细碎化类型的分区与特征

Zoning and Characteristics of Land Fragmentation Types in Guizhou Province

【目的】为贵州省土地细碎化整治的工程设计与施工提供科学依据,【方法】通过聚类分析和专家咨询相结合的方法对贵州省土地细碎化进行分区,并分析各分区的细碎化特征。【结果】黔中丘原盆地区土地细碎化程度最低,受石漠化影响较大,农业基础设施较完善,农业集约程度高;黔西高原山地区以坡耕地为主,垦殖指数达31%,石漠化比例达29.1%,极易造成水土流失;黔南山原中山低山区以山地为主,田高水低,垦殖率较低,农业基础条件差,农业生产力水平低;黔东南中山低山丘陵区地表起伏度较大,达1.30,以塝山梯田为主,农业人口比重达83.27%,户均耕地面积仅0.37hm^2,社会经济条件差;黔北山原中山丘陵区耕地分散,梯田坡地占该区耕地面积的70%,中低产田占全区水田面积的85%,农业耕作条件较差;分区边界与二级行政区划边界具有一定程度的重合。【结论】贵州省的土地细碎化受地表起伏度影响较大,在土地整治时应做好耕作层剥离保护和再造土体结构。

【Objective】 The aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the engineering design and construction of land fragmentation and remediation in Guizhou province.【Method】The methods of cluster analysis and expert consultation were employed to zone the fragmentation of Guizhou province,and analyze the fragmentation characteristics of each zone.【Result】 Qianzhong Hill-Plain Basin Zone was the least fragmented,greatly affected by rocky desertification,the agricultural infrastructure was perfect,and the agricultural intensive degree was high;Qianxi Plateau Zone was dominated by sloping land,and the breeding index reached 31 %. The proportion of rocky desertification was 29.1 %,which was very likely to cause soil erosion;Qiannan Mountain-Plateau Hilly Zone was mainly mountainous,with high land and low water,low reclamation rate,poor basic agricultural conditions and low level of agricultural productivity;Qiandongnan Hilly Zone was of greater surface undulation,up to 1.3,cultivated lands were mainly terraced fields scattered on the slope of mountains. The proportion of agricultural population was 83.27 %,and the per capita arable land area was only 0.37 hm^2. The socio-economic conditions were poor. The cultivated land in Qianbei Mount-Plateau Hilly Zone was scattered. The sloping terraced fields accounted for 70 % of the cultivated land area,the middle and low yield fields accounted for 85 % of the total paddy field area in this area,and the farming conditions were poor;Besides,there was a certain extent overlap between the zoning boundaries and the boundaries of the two level administrative divisions.【Conclusion】The fragmentation of land in Guizhou province was greatly affected by the surface undulation. When the land was rectified,the tillage layer protection and rebuilding of the soil structure should be done.