甘薯收获环节损失率测算及影响因素分析

Harvest Loss Rate of Sweet Potato and Its Influencing Factors

【目的】为了测算甘薯收获环节损失率,探索其影响因素并针对减少甘薯收获损失提出相应建议。【方法】本文采用实地测量和问卷调研相结合的方法,在四川和河南两地对我国甘薯收获环节的损失进行了实地测量,并对农业部农村固定观察点的237户农户进行了问卷调查,同时对影响甘薯收获环节损失的因素进行了考察。【结果】全国甘薯手工收获损失率为2.28%,机械收获损失率为4.94%,综合损失率为2.97%,而农户估计手工收获损失率为4.7%。综合实验、问卷以及实证结果,可以发现,甘薯品种、收获机型、收获方式、收获时机、土壤类型、农户年龄、文化程度、家庭年总收入、虫害程度、收获后是否赶种下一季、是否间种套作都会对甘薯收获损失产生较大的影响。【结论】本文建议农户应根据不同品种和地形,调整作业深度,选择合适的机型,同时,政府也应积极向农户普及减少甘薯收获损失的相关知识。

【Objective】The study aimed to estimate the harvest loss rate of sweet potato,explore its influencing factors and offer proposes on reducing the loss.【Method】This paper measured the loss of sweet potato harvest in Sichuan and Henan,China,using a combination of field survey,questionnaire survey and empirical research. 237 rural households from the Rural Fixed Observation Point of the Ministry of Agriculture were included in the questionnaire survey.【Result】The loss rate of manual harvest was 2.28 %,the loss rate of mechanical harvest was 4.94 %,and the comprehensive loss rate was 2.97 %,while the manual harvest loss rate estimated by farmers was 4.7 %. At the same time,the results showed that sweet potato varieties,harvesting models,harvesting methods,harvesting time,soil type,farmers’ age,education level,total annual household income,pest level,whether planting in the next season after harvest and whether intercropping,had a great effect on sweet potato harvest losses.【Conclusion】Therefore,this paper suggests that farmers should adjust the depth of operation according to different varieties and topography and choose the appropriate type of machine. Besides,the government should promote the knowledge of reducing the loss of sweet potato harvest to farmers.