世界遗产运河文化保护传承利用的立法经验与借鉴

On the Legislative Experience and Reference from the Protection,Inheritance,and Utilization of the World Heritage Canals

针对中国大运河文化遗产保护、传承和利用的立法现状和需求,以联合国科教科文组织的《保护世界文化与自然遗产公约》《实施“保护世界文化与自然遗产公约”的操作指南》《保护非物质文化遗产公约》《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》的相关文件,以及由保护框架、保护原则和保护模式构成的世界文化遗产保护国际法体系为宏观指导框架,以创造性运用最新科技将运河开发与周边环保融为一体的米迪运河、多次有效转型其功能与角色,并成功推出里多文化遗产廊道生态旅游项目的里多运河以及有效化解工业化和城市化副作用的庞特基西斯特水道桥与运河为案例,探析其通过立法来增强运河文化和自然遗产以及非物质文化遗产保护、传承和利用方面的经验,供国内借鉴。

In answer to the legislative status quo and needs for protecting, inheriting, and utilizing the cultural heritages of China’s Grand Canal, the present paper explores the very experience herein from three representative canals on the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) World Heritage List. The three representative canals are respectively the Canal du Midi, the Rideau Canal,and the British Pontcysyllte Aqueduct & Canal, with the first creatively integrating the canal development with the environmental protection of the surroundings via the up-to-date high-tech, the second successfully transforming its functions and roles and launching the ecological tourism program along the Rideau Canal cultural heritage corridor, and the third effectively defused the side effects of industrialization and urbanization. What serve as the macro-theoretical frameworks are: firstly, a series of UNESCO documents including the Programmatic Document of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(1972), the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(1977), the Convention on Intangible Cultural Heritage(2003), as well as the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions(2005), and, secondly, the international legal system for the protection of world cultural heritage consisting of the framework, principles and modes of protection.