新中国70年小学教师培训政策价值取向的变迁

The Change of Value Orientation of the Policy for Primary School Teacher Training in the 70 Years of New China

自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的70年,我国小学教师培训目标、内容、重点等政策规定均发生了巨大变化,其变迁的核心是培训政策制定者价值取向的变化:从强调文化知识水平和学历提高的“文化本位”取向,转向关注教师整体职业素养的“素质本位”取向;从具有较鲜明实用色彩的“效率优先”取向,转向关注全员培训、关注弱势群体的“教育公平”取向;从注重外在社会需求的“行政化”取向,转向教师内在主体诉求的“人性化”取向。培训政策价值取向演变是为应对小学教师队伍现状,也与整个社会流行的主流价值观、社会经济与文化的发展水平,以及倡导的教育理念等密切相关。

In the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,great changes have taken place in the training objectives,contents and priorities of primary school teacher training in China.The core of these changes is the change in the value orientation of training policy makers whose value orientation has shifted from the“culture-based”orientation of emphasizing the improvement of cultural knowledge level and educational background to the“quality-based”orientation of paying attention to teachers’overall professional accomplishment,from the“efficiency first”orientation with distinctive and practical color to the“educational equity”orientation of paying attention to all-staff training and vulnerable groups,from the“administrative”orientation that pays attention to the external social needs to the“humanized”orientation that pays attention to the internal demands of teachers.The evolution of the value orientation of training policy is the response to the current situation of primary school teachers,and is closely related to the prevailing mainstream values of the whole society,the level of socio-economic and cultural development,and the educational ideas advocated.