主场外交、战略能力与全球治理

Home Diplomacy, Strategic Capability and Global Governance

主场外交是在一国境内举行的多边外交活动,涉及政治、经济、军事、文化等诸多领域,其目的在于促进本国的国家利益,增强本国的国际影响力。当前全球治理面临民主赤字、效力不足、领导乏力等问题,要求中国等新兴国家承担更多的国际责任。随着中国实力增强,国际社会也期望中国在全球治理中发挥更大的作用。秉持“共商共建共享”的全球治理观,中国需要创造更多的平台与机会来促进国际共识和共同行动。十八大以来,中国通过大力举办和开展主场外交,提升国际话语权、加强对国际制度的参与和塑造、优化国际形象和增加国际贡献,增强了自身的战略能力,促进大国实力更有效地转化为国际影响力,推动改革和完善全球治理,有助于构建新型国际关系,实现人类命运共同体的宏伟目标。从博鳌亚洲论坛到G20杭州峰会,从塑造国际共识到促进共同行动,中国的主场外交取得了显著成效,产生了重要影响,但也存在国内协调、政策落实、长效机制、成本优化等问题,需要在增强国际话语权的聚合作用、加强国际合作、提升制度效能、增加透明度等方面进一步改进和完善。

Home diplomacy refers to multilateral diplomatic events hosted by a state within its territory. The purpose of the host is to promote its national interests and international influence. At present, as global governance suffers from democratic deficit, insufficient effectiveness and weak leadership, China and emerging countries alike are required to shoulder more and more international responsibilities. As China’s material power increases, the international community expects China to play a greater role in global governance as well. Therefore, China needs to create more platforms and opportunities to bolster international consensus and facilitate joint actions while adhering to the principle of "extensive consultation, joint construction and shared benefits" in global governance. Since the 18 th CPC National Congress, China has strengthened its strategic capabilities, committed to improving its international image and making greater contributions to international community, accelerated effective transformation of its material power into international influence, and promoted reform and improvement of global governance through home diplomacy. As a result, China’s weight has increased significantly in developing international discourse, strengthening multilateral cooperation and shaping international institutions. Home diplomacy has also facilitated the building of a new model of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind. From Bo’ao Forum for Asia to G20 Summit in Hangzhou, China’s home diplomacy has achieved remarkable results and has had an important impact on both the cultivation of international consensus and the promotion of joint actions. However, at the same time, there have also been some problems in domestic coordination, policy implementation, longer-term mechanisms, and cost optimization. These problems shall be dealt with through building capacity for international discourse, improving international cooperation and institutional efficiency, and increasing transparency.