油橄榄与丛枝菌根真菌的共生效应研究进展

Recent progress in research on the symbiotic relationship between olive(Olea europaea L.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

油橄榄在育苗栽培及生长发育过程中往往会受到各种胁迫,影响果实产量和橄榄油品质,而接种可与油橄榄共生的丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)可以提高苗成活率,改善油橄榄生长状况,抵御胁迫效果显著.目前从油橄榄根系和根际土壤分离报道的AMF已达13属50多种,可用于油橄榄栽培的潜在AMF资源十分丰富.总结影响AMF侵染油橄榄根系的主要因素,着重阐述接种AMF对油橄榄生长、抗性生理及品质的影响:(1)促进植株根系的生长和分枝,提高对水分及矿质元素的吸收效率;(2)增大宿主叶面积,提高气孔导率及光合效率,使植株营养生长更加旺盛,增强对移植、干旱、虫害等胁迫的耐受性;(3)改善油橄榄果实外观、品质及产量.因此,研究国产油橄榄的共生AMF种类、分布及影响因素,并开发有效的AMF菌剂用于国产油橄榄育苗和种植产业具有良好的发展前景.

Olive trees are inevitably affected by various stressors during seedling cultivation and growth, which can seriously affect the yield and oil quality of olive crops. Inoculation of olive trees with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)can improve the seedling survival rates, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance of olive plants. At present, more than 13 genera and 50 species of AMF have been reported to have been isolated from the root system and rhizosphere soil of olive plants. In this study, the main factors influencing the colonization of the root system of olive by AMF were analyzed, and the effects of AMF inoculation on the growth and stress-resistance physiology of olive were described in detail. AMF were found to have the following effects on their olive host plants:(1) they promote the growth and branching of plant roots, which improves the absorption efficiency of water and mineral elements by the roots;(2) they increase the leaf area of the host plant, which improves its stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency, and also provides more nutrition to the plant, making its growth more vigorous and strengthening its tolerance to transplant, drought, insect pests, and other stressors;and(3) they improve the appearance, quality, and yield of olive fruit. After summarizing and analyzing the current situation in research related to the symbiosis between AMF and olive, the prospects for further research on this topic in China and the problems to be solved by it were proposed. In summary, further studies on the symbiotic AMF species associated with domesticated olive,as well as their distributions and influences on their host plants, should be conducted in the future, and the development of effective AMF agents for the cultivation and planting of domestic olive seedlings has good prospects for use in these industries.