执行和解协议中担保条款研究

Research on Pledge Plause in the Enforcement Reconciliation

执行和解协议中担保条款的性质不同于执行担保,“担保表示区分说”试图将执行和解协议中担保条款解释为执行担保,从而賦予担保条款执行力的思路无法实现。《关于执行和解若干问题规定》第18条赋予担保条款强制执行力的正当性基础在于担保人的单方承诺以及执行和解程序提供的低度事前程序保障。担保条款的制度目的在于促进和解债权实现,避免执行和解制度过度复杂化,故应当在准确识别、区分担保方式的基础上,规范解释赋予担保条款强制执行力的实质要件,设置相应的担保实现程序路径,与当事人的程序选择权协调一致。同时,为了防止事前程序保障不足而引起的实质不公以及执行拖延,还宜賦予当事人、利害关系人事后救济的机会。

The characters of pledge clause in the enforcement reconciliation are different from those of the enforcement pledge, so the viewpoint which try to interpret it as Article 231 in Civil Procedure Law could not be realized. According to Article 18 of the judicial interpretation about enforcement reconciliation , the foundations of Enforcement of pledge clause are the promise of guarantor and the due process. The purpose of pledge clause in enforcement reconciliation is to realize the creditor’s rights. The normative interpretation of substantial conditions would avoid complication of the enforcement reconciliation and coordinate with the procedure option of applicants. Meanwhile, the system should offer the parties procedural remedies to prevent the unfairness and delay.