摘要
为了研究西南亚高山区流域植被与地表水量平衡对气候变化的响应,用生物物理/动态植被模型SSiB4/TRIFFID与流域水文模式TOPMODEL的耦合模式SSiB4T/TRIFFID模拟了不同气候情景下西南亚高山区的梭磨河流域植被演替和水量平衡过程,分析了流域尺度植被与水量平衡对气候变化的敏感性。结果表明:降水不变温度增加1℃,流域年径流深减小14.8%~20.1%;温度不变降水增加10%,流域年径流深增加19.8%~28.7%,而蒸散仅略有增加;降水不变温度增加2℃,流域蒸散增加28.9%~39.0%,径流深减小39.9%~53.5%;在C3草、苔原灌木和森林3种植被类型中,生长季森林叶面积指数对温度变化最敏感。西南亚高山区流域蒸散对温度变化敏感但对降水变化不敏感,径流对降水和温度变化均很敏感,温度增加通过增加蒸散而减小径流,蒸散与径流对气候变化的敏感程度与流域植被覆盖类型有关。随着温度增加,由于森林冠层截留蒸发和蒸腾随温度增加而显著增加,在3种植被类型中森林蒸散增加幅度最大,森林覆盖的流域蒸散和径流对温度变化最敏感。
To investigate the responses of vegetation and the surface water balances to climate changes at basin scale in the mountain region of southwestern China, the Biophysical/Dynamic Vegetation Model SSiB4/TRIFFID was coupled with TOPMODEL. Long-term dynamic simulations were run for the vegetation succession and water balances under different climate scenarios for the Soumou River Basin in the sub-alpine mountain region. The results showed that an increase in temperature alone by 1℃ would result in a reduction in annual runoff depth by 14.8%-20.1%. An increase in precipitation by 10% would increase the annual runoff depth by 19.8 %-28.7%. Temperature rises by 2℃ would result in an increase in evapotranspiration by 28.9%-39.0% and a reduction in annual runoff depth by 39.9%-53.5%;Changes in precipitation alone affected evapotranspiration slightly. The results also indicated that among the three vegetation types of C3 grass, tundra and forest the leaf area index of forest was most sensitive to temperature changes during the growing season. In the sub-alpine mountain region evapotranspiration was very sensitive to temperature changes and was not sensitive to precipitation changes whereas temperature kept unchanged. Runoff was very sensitive to temperature and precipitation changes. Rise in temperature will reduce runoff depth through increase in evapotranspiration. The degree of sensitivity of evapotranspiration or runoff to climate changes was related to the types of vegetation cover. Among the three vegetation types, forest evapotranspiration increases most with increasing temperature owing to a significant increase in water loss through canopy interception evaporation and transpiration. When the basin is covered by forest, evapotranspiration and runoff of the basin are most sensitive to temperature changes.
作者
邓慧平
丹利
王倩
DENG Huiping;DAN Li;WANG Qian(School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China)
出处
《水资源与水工程学报》
CSCD
2019年第3期1-8,共8页
Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0602501)
国家自然科学基金项目(41630532)
关键词
植被演替
地表水量平衡
气候变化的影响
耦合模型
敏感性
数值模拟
西南亚高山区流域
vegetation succession
surface water balance
climate change effect
coupled model
sensitivity
simulation
sub-alpine basin of Southwestern China